Question

What is the function of the pituitary gland over the body?

Answer 1

Pituitary gland:

1. The pituitary gland is a small gland the size of a pea located in the brain.
2. It is divided into two lobes, namely the anterior pituitary gland and the posterior pituitary gland.
3. Both the lobes differ in functionality and their target organs.
4. The pituitary gland helps in regulating key physiological processes and the overall health of the individual.
5. It is called as ‘master gland’ as most other hormone-secreting glands are controlled by it.
6. It is an endocrine gland, glands that secrete a substance called hormones, that acts as a chemical messenger of the body.

The function of the pituitary gland:

1. The pituitary gland is vital because it receives information from the brain (through the hypothalamus gland) and utilizes them to make hormones that impact many different sections of the body.
2. The hormones produced by the anterior pituitary gland are as follows-

1. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)- It stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones.
2. Luteinizing hormone (LH) & Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)- These hormones stimulate the testes to produce sperm, the ovaries to produce eggs, and the sex organs to produce sex hormones (testosterone and estrogen).
3. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)- It is known corticotropin, which stimulates the adrenal glands to produce cortisol and other hormones.
4. Prolactin (PRL)- It stimulates the mammary glands of the breasts to produce milk.
5. Growth hormone (GH)- It regulates growth and physical development by stimulating muscle formation and reducing fat tissue.
6. Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)-

3. The posterior pituitary gland stores and releases oxytocin and vasopressin that is synthesized in the hypothalamus.

1. Oxytocin- Acts on uterus and breasts.
2. Vasopressin (ADH)- It helps to regulate the amount of water excreted by the kidneys.