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Question

Which one of the following elements exhibits a maximum number of valence electrons?


A

Na

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B

Al

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C

Si

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D

P

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Solution

The correct option is D

P


Explanation for correct option

(D) P

Valence electrons

  • The electrons that are added to the electronic shell with the highest principal quantum number are called valence electrons.

P (Phosphorus)

  • The number of electrons of Phosphorus P is 15.
  • The electronic configuration is as follows:

P=1s2,2s2,2p6,3s2,3p3

  • The number of valence electrons of Phosphorus is 5.

Explanation for incorrect options

(A) Na (Sodium)

  • The number of electrons of Sodium is 11.
  • The electronic configuration is as follows:

Na=1s2,2s2,2p6,3s1

  • The number of valence electrons of sodium is 1.

(B) Al (Aluminum)

  • The number of electrons of Aluminum is 13.
  • The electronic configuration is as follows:

Al=1s2,2s2,2p6,3s2,3p1

  • The number of valence electrons of Aluminum is 3.

(C) Si (Silicone)

  • The number of electrons of Silicone is 14.
  • The electronic configuration is as follows:

Si=1s2,2s2,2p6,3s2,3p2

  • The number of valence electrons of Silicone is 4.

Phosphorus has a maximum number of valence electrons that is 5. Therefore, the correct option is (D) P.


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