Question

Why is $\mathrm{HCl}$ considered a polar covalent compound?

Answer 1

Polar covalent compound

• In a polar covalent bond, two atoms share a pair of electrons unequally because of differences in their electro-negativities.
• The unequal distribution of electrons causes the bonded atoms to acquire fractional positive and negative charges.
• Examples: Hydrochloric acid $\left(\mathrm{HCl}\right)$ and water $\left({\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}\right)$

Polarity of $\mathbf{HCl}$

• In the $\mathrm{HCl}$ molecules, hydrogen and chlorine atoms share electrons.
• Hence, $\mathrm{HCl}$ exhibits covalent behavior.
• Since the chloride ion is more electronegative than the hydrogen ion, $\mathrm{HCl}$ is a polar covalent compound.
• Therefore, hydrogen has a partial positive character, whereas chloride has a partial negative character.
• Structure of $\mathrm{HCl}$: