Write the main difference between acid and a base. With the help of suitable examples, explain the terms neutralization and the formation of i. Acidic ii.Basic iii.Neutral salts

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Solution

The main differences between an acid and a base are discussed below:
Acid
Base
Acids, according to Arrhenius's theory, are species that dissociate in water to produce Hydrogen ions $(H^{+})$ .
Bases, according to Arrhenius's theory, are species that dissociate in water to produce Hydroxyl ions $({OH}^{-})$ .
According to Bronsted-Lowry theory, an acid is a substance that can donate a Hydrogen ion, $(H^{+})$ .
According to Brönsted-Lowry theory, a base is a substance that can take a Hydrogen ion, $(H^{+})$ .
Acid changes blue litmus to red.
Base changes red litmus paper to blue.
The pH of the acid is below $7$ at $25 ° C$ .
The pH of the base is above $7$ at $25 ° C$ .
Neutralization reaction:
When an acid reacts with a base, salt is formed along with water. This reaction is known as the Neutralization reaction.
Neutralization reactions are highly exothermic in nature. Thus, the temperature of the reaction increases.
General reaction can be depicted as:
$Acid + Base \to Salt + Water$
i. Acidic salts form from the neutralization of a strong acid and a weak base.
When hydrochloric acid $(HCl)$ reacts with ammonia $({NH}_{3})$ , it yields Ammonium chloride $({NH}_{4} Cl)$ .
The chemical reaction is depicted as:
${NH}_{3} (g) + HCl (aq) \to {NH}_{4} Cl (s)$
ii. Basic salts form from the neutralization of a strong base and a weak acid.
When acetic acid $({CH}_{3} COOH)$ reacts with sodium hydroxide $(NaOH)$ , it yields sodium ethanoate $({CH}_{3} COONa)$ and water.
The chemical reaction is depicted as:
$NaOH (aq) + {CH}_{3} COOH (aq) \to {CH}_{3} COONa (aq) + H_{2} O (l)$
iii. Neutralization of a strong acid and a strong base gives a neutral salt.
When Sodium hydroxide reacts with Hydrochloric acid $(HCl)$ , it gives Sodium chloride $(NaCl)$ and water.
The chemical reaction is depicted as:
$NaOH (aq) + HCl (aq) \to NaCl (s) + H_{2} O (l)$

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Write the main difference between an acid and a base. With the help of suitable examples explain the term Neutralisation and the formation of -

Make lists of acidic salts ,basic salts and neutral salts with their source acids and bases

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Acid	Base
Acids, according to Arrhenius's theory, are species that dissociate in water to produce Hydrogen ions $(H^{+})$ .	Bases, according to Arrhenius's theory, are species that dissociate in water to produce Hydroxyl ions $({OH}^{-})$ .
According to Bronsted-Lowry theory, an acid is a substance that can donate a Hydrogen ion, $(H^{+})$ .	According to Brönsted-Lowry theory, a base is a substance that can take a Hydrogen ion, $(H^{+})$ .
Acid changes blue litmus to red.	Base changes red litmus paper to blue.
The pH of the acid is below $7$ at $25 ° C$ .	The pH of the base is above $7$ at $25 ° C$ .