Disorders of the Excretory System

Q.

Use of an artificial kidney during hemodialysis may result in :

(a) Nitrogenous waste build-up in the body

(b) Non-elimination of excess potassium ions

(c) Reduced absorption of calcium ions from the gastro-intestinal tract

(d) Reduced RBC production

Which of the following options is the most appropriate?

1. (a) and (d) are correct
2. (a) and (b) are correct
3. (b) and (c) are correct
4. (c) and (d) are correct

Q. The side-effects of use of anabolic steroids in males do not include

1. Mood swings
2. Liver dysfunction
3. Increased aggressiveness
4. Excessive hair growth on face and body

Q. Dialysing fluid has composition same as

1. water
2. plasma without nitrogenous waste
3. plasma
4. blood

Q.

The use of an artificial kidney during Hemodialysis may result in

(a) Nitrogenous waste build-up in the body

(b) Non-elimination of excess potassium ions

(c) Reduced absorption of calcium ions from the gastrointestinal tract

(d) Reduced RBC production

1. (a) and (b) are correct

2. (b) and (c) are correct

3. (c) and (d) are correct

4. (a) and (d) are correct

Q. Disintegration of corpus luteum occurs due to inhibition of secretion of hormone

1. FSH
2. Progesterone
3. LH
4. LTH

Q. Removal of amino groups from amino acids and nitrogenous bases is called

1. ammonification
2. nitrification
3. deamination
4. denitrification

Q.

Is sweating an example of homeostasis?

Q.

Which of the following options shows the correct measurement of an adult human kidney?

1. 10-12cm, 5-7cm, 2-3cm, 120-170gm

2. 10-20cm, 10-12cm, 6-12cm, 40-50gm

3. 10-12mm, 5-7mm, 2-3mm, 120-170mg

4. 2-6 cm, 8-10cm, 5-10 cm, 60-70gm

Q. What is glycosuria?

1. Low amount of sugar in urine
2. Low amount of fat in urine
3. Average amount of carbohydrate in urine
4. High amount of sugar in urine

Q. Select the correct option describing gonadotropin activity in a normal pregnant female.

1. High level of FSH and LH facilitate implantation of the embryo
2. High level of hCG stimulates the thickening of endometrium
3. High level of hCG stimulates the synthesis of estrogen and progesterone
4. High level of FSH and LH stimulates the thickening of endometrium

Q. Assertion: Nitrogenous wastes move from blood to dialysis fluid
Reason: Anti-coagulant like heparin is added to drained blood before dialysis

1. Both assertion and reason are true and reason correctly explains assertion
2. Assertion is true but reason is false
3. Both assertion and reason are true but reason does not correctly explain assertion
4. Both assertion and reason are false

Q.

A condition of failure of kidney to form urine is called

1. Anuria

2. Ketonuria

3. Hematuria

4. Creatinine

Q.

What disease affects the Kidney?

Q. A notch present on the medial side of kidney is known as:

1. Pelvis
2. Ureter
3. Hilus
4. Pyramid

Q. is a stone or insoluble mass of crystallised salts formed within the kidney.

1. Renal calculus
2. Glomerulonephritis
3. Uremia
4. Renal failure

Q. The condition of accumulation of urea in the blood is termed as:

1. Renal calculi
2. Ketonuria
3. Glomerulo nephritis
4. Uremia

Q. Who among the following would be the best match for donating a kidney during renal transplantation?

1. Identical twin
2. Relatives
3. Anyone with healthy kidney
4. Both a and b

Q.

Q. Why do we use glucose as our energy resource and not fructose?

Q. The main function of kidney is

1. ultrafiltration
2. passive absorption
3. selective reabsorption
4. Both (a)and (c)

Q. Match the columns.

Column I	Column II
$a$	Uremia	$1$	Excess of protein level in urine
$b$	Haematuria	$2$	Presence of high ketone bodies in urine
$c$	Ketonuria	$3$	Presence of blood cells in urine
$d$	Glycosuria	$4$	Presence of glucose in urine
$e$	Proteinuria	$5$	Presence of excess urea in blood

1. $a-2,b-1,c-3,d-4,e-5$
2. $a-3,b-5,c-2,d-1,e-4$
3. $a-5,b-3,c-4,d-2,e-1$
4. $a-5,b-3,c-2,d-4,e-1$

Q. Normal range of urea in 100 mL of human blood is

1. $4-16$ mg
2. $6-20$ mg
3. $56-70$ mg
4. $40-80$ mg

Q.

What does blood sugar level mean?

Q.

Increase in bleeding time and delay in blood coagulation is due to deficiency of which hormone?

1. Adrenaline

2. Noradrenaline

3. Parathormone

4. Thyroxin

Q. Arrange the steps followed in dialysis.

1. Add heparin
2. Blood drained
3. Blood filtered
4. Blood returned

Q. Sertoli cells secrete a hormone called

1. Relaxin
2. Gonadotropin
3. Inhibin
4. Testosterone

Q.

Write about acute kidney injury.

Q.

How is electrolyte balance achieved?

Q. GnRH, a hypothalamic hormone, needed in reproduction, acts on

Q. Urine glucose level beyond _______ indicates glycosuria.

1. 0.05 mg/mL
2. 0.25 mg/mL
3. 0.5 mg/mL
4. none of the above

Q.

Match the following disorders of urinary system:

Disorder	Description
A. Kidney failure	I. Inflammatory condition of the glomeruli
B. Renal calculi	II. Uremia
C.Glomerulonephritis	III. Stones made of insoluble substances, crystallized salts made of oxalate

1. A-III, B-I, C-II
2. A-II, B-I, C-III
3. A-III, B-II, C-I
4. A-II, B-III, C-I