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Question

A compound (X) on heating with an excess of NaOH solution gives a gas (Y), which gives white fumes on exposure to HCl. Heating is continued to expel the gas completely. The resultant alkaline solution again liberates the same gas Y when heated with Zn powder. However, the compound (X) when heated alone does not give nitrogen. Identify the compounds X and Y.

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Solution

Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) is a white crystalline solid which is highly soluble in water.
Ammonium nitrate reacts with metal hydroxides, releasing ammonia and forming alkali metal nitrate, NH4NO3+NaOHNH3+H2O+NaNO3 , the ammonia released reacts with HCl to gives white dense fumes of Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl).
Ammonium nitrate leaves no residue on heating NH4NO3N2O+2H2O

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