A patient is bitten by a rabid dog. After treating the bite wound, the physician injects the patient with antibodies that are specific for the rabies virus to prevent the development of an active infection. This is an example of:

Natural active immunity

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Artificial active immunity

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Natural passive immunity

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Artificial passive immunity

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Solution

The correct option is D Artificial passive immunity
The patient bitten by the rabid dog is administered with rabies specific antibodies to provide an immediate protection form the disease as these antibodies will counter the rabies virus. When ready-made antibodies are directly given to protect the body against foreign agents, it is called artificial passive immunity.

In the case of artificial passive immunity, an individual is unable to produce the desired immune response to the antigens, hence external readymade antibodies are given in the form of anti-serum, it is this antiserum that contains pre-formed antibodies specific to the disease.

Antibodies are produced by injecting the pathogen inside other healthy individuals or animals whose bodies produced the antibodies against the antigens. Later these antibodies are isolated and purified for use as an anti-serum vaccine.

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