(a) What do 'Y' and 'B' stand for in 'YAC' and 'BAC' used in Human Genome Project (HGP). Mention their role in the project.

(b) Write the percentage of the total human genome that codes for proteins and the percentage of discovered genes whose functions are known as observed during HGP.

(c) Expand ‘SNPs' identified by scientists in HGP. [3]

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Solution

(a) Y in YAC stands for yeast and B in BAC stands for bacterial. They are specialized cloning vectors used in Human Genome Project (HGP) for cloning or amplification of foreign DNA fragments. [0.5+0.5]

(b) Less than 2% of total genome codes for proteins in humans and around 50% of gene functions are known during HGP. [0.5+0.5]

(c) SNP stands for single-nucleotide polymorphism. [1]

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