Process of HGP

Q. ___A_____ and ___B___ were commonly used as vectors in the Human Genome Project (HGP).

1. A: YAC, B: T-DNA
2. A: YAC, B: Plasmid
3. A: YAC, B: BAC
4. A: BAC, B: Lambda phage

Q. The terminator codons (amber, ochre, opal) begin with the nucleotide of

1. adenine
2. uracil
3. guanine
4. cytosine

Q. Many non–humans model organisms have also been sequenced along with the human genome, these are

1. bacteria and yeast
2. plants (rice and Arabidopsis)
3. Caenorhabditis elegans (nematode) and fruitfly
4. all of the above

Q. The minimum length of cistron in base pair, which can synthesise a polypeptide of 50 amino acids is

1. 51 bp
2. 106 bp
3. 153 bp
4. 206 bp

Q.

If the genetic code consisted of four bases per codon instead of three bases per codon, then what will be the possible number of codons that code for 20 types of amino acids? (Given the stops codons are same)

1. 64
2. 256
3. 61
4. 253

Q. Number of triplet codons having all the three bases same in 64 triplet codons is

1. 6
2. 8
3. 12
4. 4

Q. The first organism to have its genome sequenced is __

Q. Match column I with column II and choose the correct option.

$\begin{array}{cc}\text{Column I}& \text{Column II}\\ \text{A. Total number of genes}& \text{1. 1.4 million}\\ \text{B. Size of average gene}& \text{2. 3000 bases}\\ \text{C. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs)}& \text{3. 13 years}\\ \text{D. Time duration of Human Genome Project}& \text{4. 30, 000}\end{array}$

1. A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3
2. A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3
3. A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
4. A-1, B-3, C-4, D-2

Q. Which of the following about the Sanger’s chain termination method for DNA sequencing is true?

1. Special radiolabelled dNTPs are used in this method.
2. DNA is allowed to replicate multiple times.
3. The dNTPs gets substituted randomly into the DNA while replication.
4. Once the dNTPs get substituted, replication ends.

Q. According to the Human Genome Project, genetic similarity between all humans is

1. 90%
2. 99%
3. 99.9%
4. 80%

Q. (a) What do 'Y' and 'B' stand for in 'YAC' and 'BAC' used in Human Genome Project (HGP). Mention their role in the project.

(b) Write the percentage of the total human genome that codes for proteins and the percentage of discovered genes whose functions are known as observed during HGP.

(c) Expand ‘SNPs' identified by scientists in HGP. [3]

Q.

The main aim of the human genome project is

1. To identify and sequence all the genes present in human DNA

2. To remove disease-causing genes from human DNA

3. To develop better techniques for comparing two different human DNA samples

4. To introduce new genes into humans

Q. The process of synthesis of messenger RNA on the DNA template is called

1. Transcription
2. Translation
3. Replication
4. Reverse transcription

Q. Study the given statements.

1. Identify approximately 20, 000-25, 000 genes in human DNA
2. Improve tools for data analysis
3. Address the ethical, legal, and social issues (ELSI) that may arise from the project
4. Transfer related technologies to other sectors, such as industries

How many of the above statements are correct with respect to goals of the Human Genome Project?

1. 2
2. 3
3. 1
4. 4

Q. Choose the odd one out with respect to the Human Genome Project (HGP)

1. Bacterial artificial chromosome
2. Yeast artificial chromosome
3. Sequence annotation
4. Untranslated regions (UTRs)

Q.

What is the yeast also called?

Q.

How are YACs constructed?

Q. The first phase of translation is:

1. Aminoacylation of tRNA
2. Recognition of an anticodon
3. Binding of mRNA to ribosome
4. Recognition of DNA molecule

Q. The mechanism of removing introns followed by joining of the exons in a defined order during transcription is called _______

1. Capping
2. Splicing
3. Transformation
4. Tailing

Q. Differentiate between :
Cistron, muton and recon

Q.

Name one application of expressed sequence tags.

Q. Starting with ${}^{15}N$${}^{15}N$ DNA in E. coli, what percentage of DNA will have ${}^{15}N$${}^{15}N$, ${}^{15}N$${}^{14}N$ and ${}^{14}N$${}^{14}N$ after 60 minutes?

1. 0%, 50%, 50%
2. 50%, 0%, 50%
3. 0%, 25%, 75%
4. 75%, 25%, 0%
   

Q. Which of the following can be used as a vector for DNA sequencing?

1. Bacteria
2. Plasmodium
3. Yeast
4. Paramecium

Q. Which of the following is not true for ori ?

1. This is a sequence from where replication starts
2. Any piece of DNA when linked to this sequence can be made to replicate within the host cells
3. This sequence is also responsible for controlling the vector copy number
4. This is a sequence of DNA in a genome which inhibits DNA replication.

Q. Starting with ${}^{15}N{}^{15}N$ DNA in E.coli, what percentage of DNA will have ${}^{15}N{}^{15}N$, ${}^{15}N{}^{14}N$ and ${}^{14}N{}^{14}N$ after 60 minutes?

1. 0%, 50%, 50%
2. 50%, 0%, 50%
3. 0%, 25%, 75%
4. 75%, 25%, 0%

Q. What is the necessity of transferring human genome to Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes (BACs), and why are BACs specifically used in Human Genome Project?

1. BAC is the only vector that can hold the whole human geno
2. Human genome can be cut into size up to 200, 000 base pairs and kept in BACs
3. Sanger’s method cannot be used on DNA fragments bigger than few thousands base pairs
4. BACs are an integral part of the Sanger’s method of DNA sequencing
5. BACs could be used in amplification of fragments of human genome

Q. What are expressed sequence tags?

Q. Match column I with II
$\begin{array}{cc}\text{Column I}& \text{Column II}\\ \text{P. Gel electrophoresis}& \text{I. Low insert size}\\ \text{Q. Bacteriophage}& \text{II. Selection of transformants}\\ \text{R. Plasmid}& \text{III. Separation of charged macromolecules}\\ \text{S.}Am{p}^R& \text{IV. High copy number}\end{array}$

1. P-III, Q-I, R-IV, S-II
2. P-III, Q-IV, R-I, S-II
3. P-II, Q-I, R-IV, S-III
4. P-II, Q-III, R- I, S-IV

Q. What are the components of yeast artificial chromosome

Q. While sequencing the DNA fragment in a BAC, it is further cut into fragments containing 2000 base pairs. How are the DNA fragments from BACs separated from the human DNA?

1. BAC DNA is cut out early and only human DNA is cut into smaller fragments
2. The DNA sequence of BAC is known, therefore during tallying of DNA sequence of all fragments, the BAC DNA is left out
3. BAC DNA has specific markers that can be read and identified while sequencing
4. None of the above