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Question

Allelic sequence variations where more than one variant (allele) at a locus in a human population is with a frequency greater than 0.01 is referred to as

A
Incomplete dominance
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B
Multiple allelism
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C
SNP
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D
EST
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E
DNA polymorphism
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Solution

The correct option is E DNA polymorphism
Incomplete dominance means that one allele for a trait is not completely dominant over the other one and thus the heterozygous genotype shows a combination of dominant and recessive phenotypes. Mirabilis plant shows incomplete dominance of flower colour. Multiple allelism is a condition when more than two alleles of a gene govern the trait. Human blood group inheritance is the example of multiple alleles. It is governed by three alleles namely IA, IB and IA and IB show codominance while allele i is recessive to both "IA" and "IB". This gives total six genotypes and four phenotypes- A (IA IA and IAi), B (IB IB and IBi), AB (IA IB) and O (ii).
SNPs are Single nucleotide polymorphisms, a type of genetic variation among people. Each SNP refers to a difference in a single nucleotide. For example, replacement of the nucleotide cytosine (C) with the nucleotide thymine (T) in a DNA segment represents a SNP. The SNPs present between the genes serves as marker to locate disease causing genes. The SNPs present within a gene or in a regulatory region directly affect the genes function.
EST is expressed sequence tag. It is a DNA fragment within a
coding region of a gene and is used to identify the full-length genes in gene mapping. It is derived from cDNA, i.e., DNA formed using RNA template via reverse transcription.
DNA polymorphism can be defined as a condition where more than one different normal nucleotide sequences can exist at the same locus in DNA. These two different alleles are the product of single base pair mutation, deletions, insertions etc.

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