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Question

Arrange the following groups in the order of decreasing (-I) effect.

A
F
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B
CN
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C
Cl
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D
I
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E
COOH
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Solution


Relative inductive effects with reference to hydrogen, in decreasing order of −I effect or increasing order of +I effect, as follows:
+NH3> NO2> SO2R> CN>
SO3H> CHO> CO> COOH>
F> COCl> CONH2> Cl>Br>
I> OR> OH> NR2
> NH2> C6H5> CH=CH2> H

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