Briefly describe the structure and functions of nephron with neat labelled diagram.
Briefly describe the structure and functions of nephron with neat labelled diagram.
As we know that kidneys are the main excretory organ in
human beings. They consists of basic structural unit called nephrons. There are
about 1 million nephrons present in one kidney. All the nephrons are kept
together by connecting tissue.
The basic structure of nephrons consists of four parts.
Glomerulus
Bowman’s capsule
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)
Loop
of Henle
Distal
Convoluted Tubule (DCT)
Glomerulus is a tuft of blood capillaries that arise from
afferent arteriole. The capillaries join again later to form efferent
arteriole. These arteriols take the
blood to the nephron and supply back to body after filtration.
Bowmans
capsule is a cup like structure that holds glomerulus. It collects the
filterate from the glomerulus and transforms into Proximal convoluted tubule.
Proximal convoluted tubule is lined by columnar epithilaial
cells. Columnar epithelial cells have various microvilli that increase the
surface area to absorb the essential substances back into the blood.
PCT
leads to a U shaped structure called Loop of Henle. It consists of ascending
and descending parts. That are lined with flat and columnar epithelial cells. They
act to absorb water and concentration of urine.
Distal
Convoluted Tubule (DCT) continues from the ascending part of loop of
Henle. This leads to Collecting duct. It is a very large duct that receive the filtration
from various nepharons.
The
collecting ducts open into urethra and helps to take urine to urinary bladder
where it is kept till elimination.
As we know that kidneys are the main excretory organ in human beings. They consists of basic structural unit called nephrons. There are about 1 million nephrons present in one kidney. All the nephrons are kept together by connecting tissue.
The basic structure of nephrons consists of four parts.
Glomerulus
Bowman’s capsule
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)
Loop of Henle
Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)
Glomerulus is a tuft of blood capillaries that arise from afferent arteriole. The capillaries join again later to form efferent arteriole. These arteriols take the blood to the nephron and supply back to body after filtration.
Bowmans capsule is a cup like structure that holds glomerulus. It collects the filterate from the glomerulus and transforms into Proximal convoluted tubule.
Proximal convoluted tubule is lined by columnar epithilaial cells. Columnar epithelial cells have various microvilli that increase the surface area to absorb the essential substances back into the blood.
PCT leads to a U shaped structure called Loop of Henle. It consists of ascending and descending parts. That are lined with flat and columnar epithelial cells. They act to absorb water and concentration of urine.
Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT) continues from the ascending part of loop of Henle. This leads to Collecting duct. It is a very large duct that receive the filtration from various nepharons.
The collecting ducts open into urethra and helps to take urine to urinary bladder where it is kept till elimination.
