Bring out three differences each between Socialist parties and the Communist party and between Bharatiya Jana Sangh and Swatantra Party.

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Solution

Socialist Party Communist Party

a. It believed in the ideology of democratic socialism that widely spoke for the interest of the workers and peasants. It was guided by the Bolshevik ideology and waged its struggle against the landed elites.

b. It believed in achieving its objectives through peaceful and constitutional methods. It believed in violent agitation and armed rebellion to achieve its objectives.

c. It was against capitalism and wanted the establishment of a Socialist state. It promoted the welfare of workers and peasants, establishing a strong state control over means of production. The party believed in a strong and centralised political system.

Bharatiya Jana Sangh Swatantra Party

a. The party emphasised on cultural nationalism and believed in the ideology of one nation, one country and one culture. It was opposed to granting concessions to religious and cultural minorities. The party was not a communal party or a Hindu nationalist party. It favoured all religious minorities and granting concession to them.

b. It believed in establishing state control over basic industries. The party was against state intervention in economy. It was also against nationalisation, public sector and believed in minimal role of the state. It stood for market based economy and was against licence raj.

c. It was averse to China and the Soviet ideology and policy The party was against India’s policy of NAM. It was averse to the Soviet ideology and wanted India to maintain closer ties with the US.

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Select the most appropriate option from the following:

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Socialist Party	Communist Party
a. It believed in the ideology of democratic socialism that widely spoke for the interest of the workers and peasants.	It was guided by the Bolshevik ideology and waged its struggle against the landed elites.
b. It believed in achieving its objectives through peaceful and constitutional methods.	It believed in violent agitation and armed rebellion to achieve its objectives.
c. It was against capitalism and wanted the establishment of a Socialist state.	It promoted the welfare of workers and peasants, establishing a strong state control over means of production. The party believed in a strong and centralised political system.

Bharatiya Jana Sangh	Swatantra Party
a. The party emphasised on cultural nationalism and believed in the ideology of one nation, one country and one culture. It was opposed to granting concessions to religious and cultural minorities.	The party was not a communal party or a Hindu nationalist party. It favoured all religious minorities and granting concession to them.
b. It believed in establishing state control over basic industries.	The party was against state intervention in economy. It was also against nationalisation, public sector and believed in minimal role of the state. It stood for market based economy and was against licence raj.
c. It was averse to China and the Soviet ideology and policy	The party was against India’s policy of NAM. It was averse to the Soviet ideology and wanted India to maintain closer ties with the US.