Consider the nitration of benzene using mixed concentrated sulphuric acid and nitric acid .If a large
amount of KHSO4 is added to the mixture the rate of nitration will be
1 )faster
2 slower
3) unchanged
4 ) doubled

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Solution

Reaction will become slower.
$H_{2} S O_{4} + H N O_{3} \leftrightarrow H S O_{4}^{-} + N {O_{2}}^{+} + H_{2} O O n a d d i n g K H S O_{4}, m o r e o f t h e H S {O_{4}}^{-} i o n i s s u p p l i e d w h i c h s h i f t s t h e e q u i l i b r i u m t o w a r d s l e f t s i d e a c c o r d i n g t o L e c h a t l i e r p r i n c i p l e . T h a t m e a n s t h e f o r m a t i o n o f n i t r o n i u m i o n i s s l o w e r t h e r e b y t h e n i t r a t i o n p r o c e s s i s s l o w e r .$

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Consider the nitration of benzene using mixed concentrated sulphuric acid and nitric acid .If a large amount of KHSO4 is added to the mixture the rate of nitration will be 1 )faster 2 slower 3) unchanged 4 ) doubled

Reaction will become slower. H2SO4 + HNO3 ↔HSO4- + NO2+ + H2OOn adding KHSO4, more of the HSO4- ion is supplied which shifts the equilibriumtowards left side according to Lechatlier principle. That means the formation of nitronium ion is slower thereby the nitration process is slower.

Consider the nitration of benzene using mixed concentrated sulphuric acid and nitric acid .If a large
amount of KHSO4 is added to the mixture the rate of nitration will be
1 )faster
2 slower
3) unchanged
4 ) doubled