Define functional groups and give two examples with the structural formula of the following: [5 MARKS]
(i) ketone (ii) alcohols (iii) aldehydes.

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Solution

Definition: 1 Mark
Examples with structural formulas: 4 Marks

Functional group: An atom or a group of atoms which defines the structure or the properties of a particular family of organic compounds is called a functional group. Some of the functional groups are as follows :
Halide (F, Cl, Br), hydroxyl (-OH), aldehyde (-CHO), carboxyl (-COOH), ketonic (>C=0).
(i) Ketones

The functional group in these compounds is ketonic group (>C=O).

(ii) Alcohols
$C H_{3} O H M e t h a n o l$ , $C H_{3} C H_{2} O H E t h a n o l$
The functional group in these compounds is hydroxyl group (-OH).

(iii) Aldehydes

The functional group in these compounds is the aldehyde group (-CHO).

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Similar questions

Q. Define a functional group with two examples. Write the functional groups for
(i) alcohol
(ii) ketone
(iii) carboxylic acid

Q. Arrange the following functional groups in the decreasing order of reactivity with

P r M g B r

(i)

Alcohol

(i i)

Aldehyde

(i i i)

Ketone

(i v)

Ester

Q. (a) Which functional group do you think can be present in an organic compound having the molecular formula C₅H₁₀O₂? Write the formula of the organic compound.
(b) Give one example each of the compounds having the following functional groups:
(i) Aldehyde group
(ii) Alcohol group
(iii) Carboxylic acid group
(iv) Halo group
(c) Give one example each of the compounds having the following functional groups:
(i) Alkene group
(ii) Alkyne group

Write the structure of the functional group that belongs to the following classes: [5 MARKS]
(Any Five)
(i) Alcohol
(ii) Aldehyde

(iii) Ketone
(iv) Carboxylic acid
(v) Ester
(vi) Ether

Three organic compounds A, B and C have the following molecular formulae :
A $C_{4} H_{8} O_{2}$
B $C_{4} H_{10} O$
C $C_{4} H_{8} O$
(a) Which compound contains an alcohol group? Write its name and structural formula.
(b) Which compound contains a carboxyl group? Write its name and structural formula.
(c) Which molecular formula can represent an aldehyde as well as a ketone? Write the names and structural formulae of the aldehyde and ketone represented by this molecular formula.

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Define functional groups and give two examples with the structural formula of the following: [5 MARKS] (i) ketone (ii) alcohols (iii) aldehydes.

Define functional groups and give two examples with the structural formula of the following: [5 MARKS]
(i) ketone (ii) alcohols (iii) aldehydes.