Winnowing is an agricultural method for separating grain from the chaff. It is also used to remove hay and chaff or other pests from stored grain. Threshing (the loosening of grain or seeds from the husks and straw) is the step in the chaff-removal process that comes before winnowing.
In the simplest form, it involves throwing the mixture into the air so that the wind blows away the lighter chaff. The heavier grains fall back down for recovery. This method is also called "wind-grading".