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Question
Describe the excretory system of man giving the structure of a nephron.
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Solution
In humans, the excretory system consists of a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder and urethra. A nephron is the basic filtration unit of the kidney. It is a cluster of thin-walled blood capillaries. There are different parts of the nephron in which the formation of urine take place. Bowman's capsule and the glomerulus are together called as the glomerular apparatus. There are afferent and efferent arterioles which bring and carry the blood way. The blood is filtered by the glomerulus and enters the Bowman's capsule where the podocytes help in the filtration and the glomerular filtrate is formed. When the glomerular filtrate comes to the proximal tubule then the essential nutrients are reabsorbed. There are two limbs of the loop of Henle, ascending and descending limb. The countercurrent exchange mechanism occurs which help in the regulation of the water and ions in the blood. When the glomerular filtrate is in the proximal tubule creatinine, uric acid are secreted in it. When the filtrate goes to the distal part urea, potasium ion and some hydrogen ions are secreted in it. The urine which is formed is transported by the collecting tubules to the renal pelvis. The urine is transported out by the ureters to the urinary bladder to store and excrete the urine from urethra.
In humans, the excretory system consists of a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder and urethra. A nephron is the basic filtration unit of the kidney. It is a cluster of thin-walled blood capillaries. There are different parts of the nephron in which the formation of urine take place. Bowman's capsule and the glomerulus are together called as the glomerular apparatus. There are afferent and efferent arterioles which bring and carry the blood way. The blood is filtered by the glomerulus and enters the Bowman's capsule where the podocytes help in the filtration and the glomerular filtrate is formed.
When the glomerular filtrate comes to the proximal tubule then the essential nutrients are reabsorbed. There are two limbs of the loop of Henle, ascending and descending limb. The countercurrent exchange mechanism occurs which help in the regulation of the water and ions in the blood. When the glomerular filtrate is in the proximal tubule creatinine, uric acid are secreted in it. When the filtrate goes to the distal part urea, potasium ion and some hydrogen ions are secreted in it. The urine which is formed is transported by the collecting tubules to the renal pelvis. The urine is transported out by the ureters to the urinary bladder to store and excrete the urine from urethra.
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