Explain why :
(a) anhydrous HCl is a poor conductor while aqueous HCl is an excellent conductor.
(b) when the stopper of a bottle full of hydrogen chloride gas is opened there are fumes in the air.
(c) a solution of hydrogen chloride in water turns blue litmus red and conducts electricity, while a solution of the same gas in toluene :
(i) has no effect on litmus, and
(ii) does not conduct electricity.
(d) thick white fumes are formed when a glass rod dipped in NH4OH is brought near the mouth of a bottle full of HCl gas.
(e) dry hydrogen chloride gas does not affect a dry strip of blue litmus paper but it turns red in the presence of a drop of water.
(f) hydrogen chloride gas is not collected over water.
Explain why :
(a) anhydrous HCl is a poor conductor while aqueous HCl is an excellent conductor.
(b) when the stopper of a bottle full of hydrogen chloride gas is opened there are fumes in the air.
(c) a solution of hydrogen chloride in water turns blue litmus red and conducts electricity, while a solution of the same gas in toluene :
(i) has no effect on litmus, and
(ii) does not conduct electricity.
(d) thick white fumes are formed when a glass rod dipped in NH4OH is brought near the mouth of a bottle full of HCl gas.
(e) dry hydrogen chloride gas does not affect a dry strip of blue litmus paper but it turns red in the presence of a drop of water.
(f) hydrogen chloride gas is not collected over water.
(a) Anhydrous HCl is poor conductor due to the absence of ions in it whereas aqueous HCl is an excellent conductor since it contains ions.
(b) When the stopper is opened HCl gas comes in contact with water vapours of air and gives white fumes due to the formation of hydrochloric acid.
(c) A solution of HCl in water gives hydronium ions and conducts electricity, but HCl is also soluble in dry toluene, but in that case, it neither
(i) turns blue litmus red
(ii) nor does conduct electricity.
This indicates the absence of H+ ions in toluene showing thereby that hydrogen chloride is a covalent compound.
(d) When ammonium hydroxide is brought near the mouth of HCl, dense white fumes are formed due to the formation of ammonium chloride.
HCl+NH4OH⟶NH4Cl+H2O
(e) Dry hydrogen chloride is not acidic whereas moist Hydrogen chloride is acidic. In presence of a drop of water, HCl gas dissolves in water and forms hydrochloric acid which turns blue litmus paper red.
(f) Hydrogen chloride is not collected over water as it is highly soluble in water
(a) Anhydrous HCl is poor conductor due to the absence of ions in it whereas aqueous HCl is an excellent conductor since it contains ions.
(b) When the stopper is opened HCl gas comes in contact with water vapours of air and gives white fumes due to the formation of hydrochloric acid.
(c) A solution of HCl in water gives hydronium ions and conducts electricity, but HCl is also soluble in dry toluene, but in that case, it neither
(i) turns blue litmus red
(ii) nor does conduct electricity.
This indicates the absence of H+ ions in toluene showing thereby that hydrogen chloride is a covalent compound.
(d) When ammonium hydroxide is brought near the mouth of HCl, dense white fumes are formed due to the formation of ammonium chloride.
HCl+NH4OH⟶NH4Cl+H2O
(e) Dry hydrogen chloride is not acidic whereas moist Hydrogen chloride is acidic. In presence of a drop of water, HCl gas dissolves in water and forms hydrochloric acid which turns blue litmus paper red.
(f) Hydrogen chloride is not collected over water as it is highly soluble in water
