Fill in the blanks:
(i) Aqua-regia is a mixture of _____.
(ii) A constant boiling mixture of water and hydrochloric acid is also called as _.
(iii) agent converts hydrochloric acid to chlorine.
(iv) Hydrogen and chlorine reacts in presence of _ to form hydrogen chloride.
(v) On addition of silver nitrate to hydrochloric acid precipitate is formed which is soluble in .
(vi) The white precipitate of lead chloride is soluble in ____.

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Solution

(i) Aqua-regia is a mixture of three parts of concentrated hydrochloric acid and one part of concentrated nitric acid.
(ii) A constant boiling mixture of water and hydrochloric acid is also called an azeotrope.
(iii)An oxidising agent converts hydrochloric acid to chlorine.
(iv) Hydrogen and chlorine react in the presence of diffused light to form hydrogen chloride.
(v) On addition of silver nitrate to hydrochloric acid, a white precipitate is formed, which is soluble in ammonium hydroxide.
(vi) The white precipitate of lead chloride is soluble in hot water.

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Q. Addition of silver nitrate to hydrochloric acid, gives an insoluble precipitate of the respective chloride, This precipitate is soluble in ammonium hydroxide and insoluble in dilute nitric acid.

Name the following:
(i) Acid present in the stomach of mammals.
(ii) Drying agent used to dry hydrogen chloride.
(iii) Salt obtained by heating sodium chloride with concentrated sulphuric acid below 200 degree celsius.
(iv) Gas that yields dense white fumes when mixed with hydrogen chloride.
(v) Two solution that yield white precipitates, when treated with hydrogen chloride or hydrochloric acid.
(vi) Gas obtained by treating metals with hydrochloric acid.
(vii) Gas obtained by treating ferrous sulphide with hydrochloric acid.
(viii) Five oxidizing agents that liberate chlorine from concentrated hydrochloric acid.
(ix) Acid used to extract glue from bones.
(x) A chloride which is soluble in excess of ammonium hydroxide.
(xi) A greenish yellow gas.
(xii) A chemical in which gold can be dissolved.
(xiii) A metallic oxide which reacts with hydrochloric acid to give a coloured solution.
(xiv) Two colourless gases which when mixed produce a white solid.

An unknown mixture contains one or two of the following :

C a C O_{3}, B a C l_{2}, A g N O_{3}, N a_{2} S O_{4}, Z n S O_{4} a n d N a O H

The mixture is completely soluble in water and solution gives pink colour With phenolphthalein. When dilute hydrochloric acid is gradually added to the solution, a precipitate is formed which dissolves with further addition of the acid.

The white precipitate is_______.

Q. Assertion :Aqua regia dissolves gold, which is insoluble in all other acids. Reason: In aqua regia HCl is a very strong acid and free chlorine is a very strong oxidising agent as it is present in high concentration. Nitric acid reacts with HCl to form nitrosyl chloride NOCl,chlorine and water. Nitrosyl chloride further decomposes to nitric oxide and chlorine. Chlorine dissolves gold oxidizing this metal Au to Au(III)ions forming soluble tetrachloroaurate(III)complex.

Q. Write balanced chemical equations for each of the following reactions
1. Carbon dioxide Marble dissolves in hydrochloric acid to give calcium chloride water and carbon dioxide
2. Silver nitrate reacts with copper to produce copper nitrate and silver metal
3. Carbon dioxide gas is passed over lime water to form a precipitate of calcium carbonate
4. Aluminium Sulphate acts with Sodium Hydroxide to form precipitate of aluminium hydroxide and the solution of sodium sulphate
5. Barium Chloride solution reacts with sulphuric acid to form precipitate of Barium sulphate and solution of hydrochloric acid.

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