Question

Give a brief accounts of the tools of recombinant $DNA\left(rDNA\right)$ technology.

Answer 1

• Recombinant DNA (rDNA) molecules are DNA molecules formed by laboratory methods of genetic recombination (such as molecular cloning) to bring together genetic material from multiple sources.The technology used in the preparation of recombinant DNA is known as rDNA technology.
  
• The tools of recombinant DNA technology are -
• Restriction Enzymes - It is an enzyme produced chiefly by certain bacteria that has the property of cleaving DNA molecules near a specific sequence of bases.
  
• Cloning vehicles or vectors - In molecular cloning, a vector is a DNA molecule used as a vehicle to artificially carry foreign genetic material into another cell, where it can be replicated and/or expressed.
• Competent host - For the propagation of DNA molecules host cells are required. Host cells like E. coli, yeast, plant and animal cells are being used.
• DNA ligase - It is a specific type of enzyme that facilitates the joining of DNA strands together by catalyzing the formation of a phosphodiester bond.
• Alkaline phosphatase - It removes terminal phosphate group at the 5' end of DNA which prevents self-annealing of vector DNA.