Central Dogma

Q.

What is the correct order of the stages of translation?

Q. The structural gene in transcription unit is monocistronic and polycistronic respectively in:
[0.7 mark]

1. Most of the unicellular organisms and most of the multicellular organisms
2. Most of the eukaryotes and most of the prokaryotes
3. Some prokaryotes and most of the eukaryotes
4. All animals and all plants

Q. Regulation of gene expression occurs at ________ level(s) in eukaryotes. Whereas in prokaryotes it occurs in the ________ level

1. multiple, transcriptional
2. multiple, translational
3. single, transcriptional
4. single, translational

Q.

Balbiani rings are sites of

1. Lipid synthesis

2. Nucleotide synthesis

3. Polysaccharide synthesis

4. RNA and protein synthesis

Q.

Genetic Information Is transferred from the nucleus to the cytoplasm through?

1. RNA

2. DNA

3. Lysosome

4. ACTH

Q. Polycistronic transcription units are mostly found in genome of

1. mammals
2. algae
3. protozoa
4. bacteria

Q.

Do viruses follow the central dogma?

Q. Assertion (A): In eukaryotes, both introns and exons are transcribed to form hnRNA.
Reason (R): Splicing is required in prokaryotes.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion
2. Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion
3. Assertion is true but reason is false
4. Both assertion and reason are false

Q. Explain the initiation step of transcription in prokaryotes.

Q. Information flow or central dogma of molecular biology is

1. RNA $\to$ Proteins $\to$ DNA
2. proteins $\to$ RNA $\to$ DNA
3. RNA $\to$ DNA $\to$ Proteins
4. DNA $\to$ RNA $\to$ Proteins

Q. The diagram represents the 'central dogma' of molecular biology. choose the correct combination of labelling.

1. A-DNA, B- RNA, C-Protein, D-Transcription, E- Translation
2. A-Transcription, B- Translation, C-Translation, D-DNA, E- RNA
3. A-DNA, B- RNA, C-Protein, D-Translation, E- Transcription
4. A-Protein, B-RNA, C-DNA, D-Translation, E- Transcription
5. A-RNA, B- DNA, C-Protein, D-Transcription, E- Translation

Q. Choose the right option from the statements given below.

Statement I: A monocistronic mRNA can produce several types of polypeptide chains.

Statement II: A monocistronic mRNA is usually found in eukaryotes.

Statement III: A polycistronic mRNA is usually found in prokaryotes.

Statement IV: A polycistronic mRNA can produce several types of polypeptide chains.

Statement V: A polycistronic gene is usually found in eukaryotes.

1. Statements II, IV, V are correct and statements I, III are incorrect
2. Statements I, II, III are correct and statements IV, V are incorrect
3. Statements I, II, IV are correct and statements III, V are incorrect
4. Statements II, III, IV are correct and statements I, V are incorrect

Q. Consider the following statements regarding RT-PCR (Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction)

I. It is a fully automated, high-end analysis for performing identification tests for COVID-19.
II. It can detect other pathogens like HIV.
III. RT-PCR detects past viral infections by looking for antibodies produced to fight the virus.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. Statements (I) and (II) are correct, but statement (III) is incorrect
2. Statements (I) and (II) are incorrect, but statement (III) is correct
3. Statements (I) and (III) are correct, but statement (II) is incorrect
4. All statements are correct

Q. Which of the following was a major contribution of Stanley Cohen in creating the first recombinant DNA molecule?

1. Developing a method of removing the plasmids from one cell and then reinserting them in other cells
2. Discovery of reverse transcriptase
3. Combining a gene from a plant with a plasmid of Escherichia coli
4. All of these

Q. The diagram shows an important concept in the genetic implication of DNA. Fill in the blanks A to C.
$DNA\stackrel{A}{\to }mRNA\stackrel{B}{\to }protein$
This was proposed by C.

1. A-transcription B-replication C-James Watson
2. A-translation B-transcription C-Erevin Chargaff
3. A-transcription B-translation C-Francis Crick
4. A-translation B-extension C-Rosalind Franklin

Q. Post transcriptional modification of mRNA in eukaryotes is called

1. Translation
2. Splicing
3. Sequencing
4. Restriction

Q.

How do prokaryotes turn genes on and off?

Q. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?
Statement 1: In prokaryotes, gene expression is generally regulated at the site of transcriptional initiation.
Statement 2 : In eukaryotes regulation of gene expression occurs at multiple levels

1. Only statement 1 is correct
2. Only statement 2 is correct
3. Both statement 1 and 2 are correct
4. Both stament 1 and 2 are wrong

Q.

Which of the following life process is evolved around RNA?

OPTIONS​

1)Metabolism. 3) Splicing

2)Translation. 4) all of these

Q. Which of the following comparisons of prokaryotic transcription and eukaryotic transcription is incorrect?

	Prokaryotic transcription	Eukaryotic transcription
(a)	Transcriptional unit has only one gene	Transcriptional unit has one or more genes
(b)	Occurs in the cytoplasm	Occurs in the nucleus
(c)	A single RNA polymerase synthesises all the three types of RNA	The RNA polymerase I, II and III synthesise rRNA, mRNA and tRNA respectively
(d)	Coupled-transcription translation is the rule	Coupled transcription translation is notpossible

1. (c)
2. (a)
3. (b)
4. (d)

Q. Mature eukaryotic mRNA is recognized by

1. Presence of introns and exons
2. 7-methyl guanosine at 5’ end and poly(A) tail at 3’ end
3. TATA box
4. Shine-Dalgarno sequence

Q. Which one of the following shows deviation from the central dogma of molecular biology?

1. Pea
2. Mucor
3. Chlamydomonas
4. HIV

Q.

What is in the 5 UTR?

Q. Central dogma in molecular biology states that the genetic information flows from:

1. RNA $\to$ Proteins $\to$ DNA
2. proteins $\to$ RNA $\to$ DNA
3. RNA $\to$ DNA $\to$ Proteins
4. DNA $\to$ RNA $\to$ Proteins

Q. Match column I with column II and choose the correct option.
$\begin{array}{cccc}& \text{Column I}& & \text{Column II}\\ \text{(a)}& \text{Thermus aquaticus}& \text{(i)}& \text{Denaturation, annealing, extension}\\ \text{(b)}& \text{Polymerase chain reaction}& \text{(ii)}& \text{Thermostable DNA polymerase}\\ \text{(c)}& \text{Plasmid}& \text{(iii)}& \text{Post-transcriptional}\\ & & & \text{silencing}\\ \text{(d)}& \text{Meloidogyne incognita}& \text{(iv)}& \text{Cloning vector}\end{array}$

1. (a) (b) (c) (d)
   (iv) (iii) (ii) (i)
2. (a) (b) (c) (d)
   (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)
3. (a) (b) (c) (d)
   (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
4. (a) (b) (c) (d)
   (ii) (i) (iv) (iii)

Q.

How can miRNAs regulate gene expression?

Q. Regulation of gene expression occurs at ________ level(s) in eukaryotes. Whereas in prokaryotes it occurs in the ________ level

1. multiple, transcriptional
2. multiple, translational
3. single, transcriptional
4. single, translational

Q. Select the correct option with respect to post- transcriptional changes in eukaryotes?

1. 5' end - capping - addition of adenylate residues
2. 3' end - tailing - addition of methyl guanosine triphosphate
3. 3' end- tailing - addition of adenylate residues
4. 5' end- capping - addition of methyl guanosine triphosphate

1. 1, 2, 3
2. 3, 4
3. 1, 2, 3, 4
4. 1, 2

Q. Match the column
$\begin{array}{cc}\left(a\right)tRNA& \left(1\right)Joiningofaminoacids\\ \left(b\right)mRNA& \left(2\right)Transferofgeneticinformation\\ \left(c\right)rRNA& \left(3\right)Nucleolarorganisingregion\\ \left(d\right)Peptidyltransferase& \left(4\right)Passageofaminoacidstoribosome\end{array}$

1. a - 4, b - 2, c - 3, d - 1
2. a - 1, b - 4, c - 3, d - 2
3. a - 1, b - 2, c - 3, d - 4
4. a - 1, b - 3, c - 2, d – 4

Q. Synthesis of DNA from RNA is explained by

1. central dogma reverse
2. reverse transcription
3. teminism
4. all of these