Dear student.
Pesticides and insecticides are used by farmers to protect their crops from pests and insects. Excessive use of these chemicals is hazardous and are extremely harmful for human as these can pollute soil and ground water.
Ways to avoid the used of pesticide.
1. Use biopesticides such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, etc, these are effective in controlling weeds, insects and pathogens.
2. Pest resistant variety of GM crops can be used by farmers to avoid pests.
3. Neem is a natural pesticide which contains a number of components like neem oils which prevent the growth of microorganisms and pest. It contains various chemical compounds like azadirachtin, which repels the insects and disrupts their growth. Neem extracts have various insect repelling and destructing, antiviral and antibacterial properties.
Regards.