In human females, the ovarian cycle begins when the

levels of oestrogen reach their maximum

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hypothalamus stimulates the anterior pituitary to increase its output of FSH and LH

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level of progesterone drops precipitously

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hypothalamus increases its release of FSH and LH.

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Solution

The correct option is B hypothalamus stimulates the anterior pituitary to increase its output of FSH and LH
If fertilized egg is not implanted into the uterus after the release of the matured egg, the corpus luteum degenerates and the levels of estrogen and progesterone decrease. The decrease in the level of progesterone causes the endometrium to degenerate initiating the menstrual cycle. This causes the hypothalamus to stimulate the release of GnRH, which in turn causes the release of LH and FSH from the anterior pituitary. The rising level of LH and FSH causes the growth of follicles on the ovarian surface, preparing for ovulation and thus beginning the ovarian cycle. So, the correct option is 'hypothalamus stimulates the anterior pituitary to increase its output of FSH and LH'.

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Similar questions

Q. Refer to the given schematic representation of menstrual cycle showing three phases I, II and Ill.

Select the option that correctly matches these phases with the following events.

(i) FSH secreted by the anterior pituitary stimulates the ovarian follicle to secrete estrogen which stimulates the proliferation of the endometrium.

(ii) LH secreted by the anterior pituitary stimulates the development of corpus luteum which secretes progesterone.

(iii) Reduced production of LH from anterior pituitary causes degeneration of corpus luteum, thereby progesterone production is reduced.

Q. Testosterone is a steroid hormone produced by all vertebrate animals and, in humans and other mammals, it is secreted in large amounts by the testes of males and to a much lesser extent, the ovaries of females. In adult males, testosterone plays a key role in the development of reproductive organs and it promotes the secondary sexual characteristics of body and facial hair, increased muscle and bone mass, and a deep voice. Testosterone, like all hormones, works via long distance signaling and is regulated by other hormones as illustrated below:

Figure 1:

Testosterone regulation by cooperation between the hypothalamus, pituitary, and testicular endocrine glands. The major regulatory hormones involved are luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).

When testosterone levels are low, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is released by the hypothalamus, which in turn stimulates the pituitary gland to release FSH and LH. FSH and LH then stimulate the testis to produce testosterone.
How is homeostasis achieved when testosterone levels begin to rise?

Match the following menstrual cycle affecting hormones and their site of production?
$\begin{matrix} HORMONE & SITE OF PRODUCTION 1) FSH-follicle stimulating hormone & a) Pituitary Gland 2) Oestrogen & b) Corpus luteum 3) LH-leuteinising hormone & c) Pituit Gland 4) Progesterone & d) Graafian follicle \end{matrix}$

Match the hormones with the event they control in menstrual cycle

\begin{matrix} Column I & Column II i. FSH & a. ovulation ii. LH & b. surge of LH iii. Progesterone & c. Development of ovarian follicle iv. Oestrogen & d. maintenance of pregnancy \end{matrix}

Q. Assertion :The ovarian cycle in follicles is the control of the gonadotropic hormones, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Reason: During ovarian cycle, follicles undergo maturation, contains a secondary oocyte and produce female sex hormone.

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