what is liyosomes,ribosomes,RER and SER and what are their function and importance
what is liyosomes,ribosomes,RER and SER and what are their function and importance
Lysosomes
Lysosomes are the membrane-bound vesicles, which contain digestive (hydrolytic) enzymes like acid hydrolase. They digest a variety of substances including worn out organelles, food particles, viruses, and bacteria. They are also known as ‘suicide-bags’ of cells as they burst out and release hydrolytic enzymes in the cytosol, where cells are heavily injured.
Endoplasmic reticulum
ER is an interconnected network of membranous structureslike tubules, vesicles, and cisternae. Cisternae are the flattened disk-like membranous structures. Tubules are tubular in shape, while vesicles are sac-like structures.
There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum, namely smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). When ribosomes get attached to the surface of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, it becomes rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Functions of smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Smooth ER synthesizes fats and lipids.
It also takes part in the metabolism of carbohydrates.
It actively participates in drug detoxification.
It maintains the calcium ion concentration in the cytosol.
Functions of rough endoplasmic reticulum
Most of the lysosomal proteins are produced in the rough ER.
It transports proteins to various destinations like the plasma membrane.
This is the major site of glycosylation (addition of carbohydrates in proteins).
Ribosomes
Granular structures, first observed by George Palade under an electron microscope
Composition: RNA and proteins
Not surrounded by any membrane
Prokaryotic cells have ribosomes 70SE. Eukaryotic ribosomes are 80S. S stands for Svedberg unit, and is indicative of density and size.
Lysosomes
Lysosomes are the membrane-bound vesicles, which contain digestive (hydrolytic) enzymes like acid hydrolase. They digest a variety of substances including worn out organelles, food particles, viruses, and bacteria. They are also known as ‘suicide-bags’ of cells as they burst out and release hydrolytic enzymes in the cytosol, where cells are heavily injured.
Endoplasmic reticulum
ER is an interconnected network of membranous structureslike tubules, vesicles, and cisternae. Cisternae are the flattened disk-like membranous structures. Tubules are tubular in shape, while vesicles are sac-like structures.
There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum, namely smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). When ribosomes get attached to the surface of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, it becomes rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Functions of smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Smooth ER synthesizes fats and lipids.
It also takes part in the metabolism of carbohydrates.
It actively participates in drug detoxification.
It maintains the calcium ion concentration in the cytosol.
Functions of rough endoplasmic reticulum
Most of the lysosomal proteins are produced in the rough ER.
It transports proteins to various destinations like the plasma membrane.
This is the major site of glycosylation (addition of carbohydrates in proteins).
Ribosomes
Granular structures, first observed by George Palade under an electron microscope
Composition: RNA and proteins
Not surrounded by any membrane
Prokaryotic cells have ribosomes 70SE. Eukaryotic ribosomes are 80S. S stands for Svedberg unit, and is indicative of density and size.
