Question

Solve this:
Q.19. Describe the following chemical properties of carbon compounds briefly and give one chemical reaction for each :
(i) Combustion
(ii) Addition
(iii) Substitution
(iv) Esterification
(v) Oxidation

Answer 1

Dear student,
i) COMBUSTION
It is the property in which hydrocarbon burns in presence of oxygen to form carbon dioxide water and releases heat and light.
Ex;- CH_​4 + 2O₂ ------- CO₂ + 2H₂O
ii) ADDITION
This reaction takes place in unsaturated hydrocarbons only. Hydrogen is added in the presence of Ni to the compound to convert it into saturated one.
Ex:- C₂H₂ + H₂ --^Ni----- C₂H₄ + H₂ ---^Ni----- C₂H₆
(ethyne) (ehene) (ethane)
iii) SUBSTITUTION
This reaction ocurs in saturated hydrocarbon. It takes place in the presence of sunlight .In this reaction, hydrogen from hydrocarbon get substituted by Cl.
Ex:- C₂H₄ +Cl₂ ---^sunlight------ C₂H₅Cl + HCl
This is a chain and will continue till all the hydrogen get substituted.
iv) ESTERIFICATION
The reaction an alcohol nd carboxylic acid in presence of acid to give ester is known as Esterification reaction.
Ex:- C₂H₅OH + CH₃COOH ---^ACID------- CH₃COOC₂H₅
v) OXIDATION
Conversion of alcohol to acid is known as as oxidation. This reaction occurs in the presence of alkaline potassium permangnate ion or acidified potassium dichromate.
Ex:- C₂H₅OH -^reagent------ CH₃COOH
(alcohol) (car)boxylic acid)
Regards