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Byju's Answer
Standard IX
Chemistry
Atomic Number
Specify the c...
Question
Specify the change in hybridisation and shape if any in the following reaction(1) H2O+H+=H3O+ (2) AlCl3+Cl-=AlCl4- (3) NH3+H+=NH4+
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Solution
Dear Student,
(
1
)
Electronic
configuration
of
O
=
1
s
2
2
s
2
2
p
4
(
ground
state
)
=
1
s
2
2
s
2
2
p
x
2
2
p
y
1
2
p
z
1
(
excited
state
)
Hence
,
it
undergoes
sp
3
hybridisation
to
give
tetrahedral
structure
,
but
due
to
repulsion
its
shape
is
V
-
shape
.
To
form
H
3
O
+
,
the
lone
pair
is
donated
and
electron
of
H
occupies
the
orbital
so
that
hybridisation
is
sp
3
and
shape
is
tetrahedral
.
(
2
)
Electronic
configuration
of
Al
=
1
s
2
2
s
2
2
p
6
3
s
2
3
p
1
(
ground
state
)
=
1
s
2
2
s
2
2
p
6
3
s
1
3
p
x
1
3
p
y
1
(
excited
state
)
Hence
,
it
undergoes
sp
2
hybridisation
to
give
planar
triangular
structure
.
To
form
AlCl
4
-
,
the
empty
3
p
z
orbital
is
also
involved
so
that
hybridisation
is
sp
3
and
shape
is
tetrahedral
.
(
3
)
Electronic
configuration
of
N
=
1
s
2
2
s
2
2
p
3
(
ground
state
)
=
1
s
2
2
s
2
2
p
x
1
2
p
y
1
2
p
z
1
(
excited
state
)
Hence
,
it
undergoes
sp
3
hybridisation
to
give
tetrahderal
structure
,
but
due
to
repulsion
of
electrons
it
becomes
pyramidal
.
To
form
NH
4
+
,
the
lone
pair
is
donated
and
electron
of
H
occupies
the
orbital
so
that
hybridisation
is
sp
3
and
shape
is
tetrahedral
.
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Q.
Describe the change in hybridisation (if any) of the Al atom in the following
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