State how and under what conditions you would obtain (a) hydrogen and (b) chlorine from hydrochloric acid without using electrolysis. [4 MARKS]

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Solution

Each Part: 2 Marks

(a) Hydrogen can be obtained by treating hydrochloric acid with metals like Na, Zn, Fe, etc. Metallic chlorides are obtained as a by-product, for example,
$2 N a + 2 H C l Δ - \to 2 N a C l + H_{2} ↑ Z n + 2 H C l Δ - \to Z n C l_{2} + H_{2} ↑ F e + 2 H C l Δ - \to F e C l_{2} + H_{2} ↑$

(b) When concentrated HCl is heated with oxidising agents like manganese dioxide $(M n O_{2})$ , lead peroxide $(P b O_{2})$ , red lead $(P b_{3} O_{4})$ etc, it is oxidised to water and chlorine, for example,
$M n O_{2} + 4 H C l Δ - \to M n C l_{2} + 2 H_{2} O + C l_{2} ↑ P b O_{2} + 4 H C l Δ - \to P b C l_{2} + 2 H_{2} O + C l_{2} ↑ P b_{3} O_{4} + 8 H C l Δ - \to 3 P b C l_{2} + 4 H_{2} O + C l_{2} ↑$

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