Question

Study the diagram given below and answer the following questions:

1. Name the part labeled A. Name any two hormones produced by part A.
2. What happens to the part labeled B-
   1. if fertilization takes place;
   2. if fertilization does not take place?

Answer 1

1) Labeling of part A

1. Part A labels the ovary of the female reproductive system.
2. The important hormones produced by the ovaries are estrogen and progesterone.

2) Labeling of part B

1. Part B labels the uterus. It lies between the fallopian tubes and the vagina. The uterus consists of an internal glandular and vascular lining called the endometrium. It functions to house the fetus and provide it with nourishment.
2. Fertilization of the male sperm and the female ova occurs in the fallopian tubes. It is transported to the uterus by the cilia present in the uterus.
   (a) If fertilization occurs, the endometrial lining of the uterus is retained. It thickens and the inner walls become ready for the blastocyst to be implanted. This is facilitated by progesterone.
   (b) If fertilization fails to occur, the production of progesterone levels decreases and the endometrial lining degenerates. It is shed from the uterus during the menstruation of the menstrual cycle.

Final answer