The given diagram represents an experiment to demonstrate a certain phenomenon in a green plant.
Has the level of mercury in the glass tubing risen or fallen?
Name the life process of the plant which has caused the change in the level of mercury.
Define the process named above.
State any three advantages of this process to the plant.
Which conducting tissue of the plant does the glass tubing represents - Xylem or Phloem?

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Solution

Experimental Setup:
In the given experiment, a small leafy twig is placed in a calibrated glass tube using stout rubber tubing.
The tube is filled with water and then sealed completely using wax.
The air-tight and water-filled tube having twig in it, is then immersed in a beaker containing mercury.
The whole setup is clamped on a stand to keep it erect. This setup is then placed in the sunshine for a few hours.
The increase in mercury column and the entire transpiring surface is recorded to determine suction pressure or transpiration pull.
1. Level of mercury in the glass tubing:
The level of mercury in the glass tubing shown in the given experiment has risen.
The suction or transpiration pull imposed on the water present in the xylem vessels is transferred to the water column within the glass tubing and, finally, to the mercury level inside the beaker.
As a result, the level of mercury elevated in the tube.
2. Process that caused the change in the level of mercury:
The process that caused the change in the level of mercury is transpiration pull.
The upward migration of water within the xylem vessels is aided by this force.
The water loss in vapor form via the leaves is noted during this phase.
3. Definition of the process occurred:
A transpiration pull can be basically defined as a plant physiological process in which a pulling force is generated within the xylem tissue.
4. Advantages of the process:
Water and mineral absorption is aided by the transpiration pull.
In addition to absorption, it also helps in the conduction of water and minerals through the plant.
5. Conducting tissue that represents the glass tubing in the given apparatus:
Xylem is the conducting tissue of water and minerals which is represented by the glass tubing in a given experiment.

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(a) Has the level of mercury in the glass tube risen or fallen?

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