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Question

What is gel electrophoresis ? Explain how DNA fragments are separated and detected using this.

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Solution

Gel electrophoresis is a technique used to separate components of a mixture on the basis of their size. The mixture could be a DNA, an RNA or even a mixture of proteins. A gel matrix of suitable material (e.g., agarose gel) is spread upon the electrophoresis plate. The mixture is loaded on to a grove in the gel and an electrical field is applied to it. The particles of the mixture move away from the start towards the oppositely charged end based on their molecule size and charge. The particles with a smaller size have been reported to move faster and farther away from the start.
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