Question

What is the recombinant DNA technology process?

Answer 1

Recombinant DNA technology:

1. It is a method that is used to alter the DNA of an organism to obtain the desired characteristics in them.
2. This can be achieved by inserting the desired gene from another organism into its genome with the help of a vector.
3. Vector is the vehicle that carries the gene of interest.
4. The new copy of DNA that is obtained by combining two or more genes from different organisms is known as recombinant DNA.

The process of recombinant DNA technology

The process of rDNA technology involves many tools and five important steps which are:

Step1: Isolation of genetic material

1. The desired gene or DNA has to be isolated from the cell.
2. This DNA should be present in pure form.
3. All other cellular molecules should be digested.

Step 2: Slicing the gene at the recognition site

1. In the entire DNA, only the gene of interest has to be isolated.
2. This can be done using restriction enzymes.
3. Restriction enzymes cut the DNA at only a specific site.

Step 3: Amplification of gene

1. The isolated gene of interest is amplified to produce millions of copies.
2. This is done by a process called PCR(polymerase chain reaction).

Step4: Ligation of the gene

1. In this step, the obtained gene of interest is inserted into the suitable vector.
2. An enzyme called DNA ligase is used to ligate or join the gene into a vector.
3. Once the gene is introduced into the vector it is referred to as recombinant DNA.

Step 5: Insertion of Recombinant DNA in the host cell.

1. The recombinant DNA obtained is introduced into the host cell.
2. This process is called transformation.
3. Inside the host cell, recombinant DNA will get multiplied and expressed to form desired protein.