Recombinant DNA technology is a technique that alters the phenotype of an entity (host) when a genetically modified vector is introduced and incorporated into the genome of the host.
Thus, the process entails introducing a foreign fragment of DNA into the genome containing the desired gene.
Steps of DNA recombination :
Isolation of genetic material: DNA is isolated from the cell by breaking the cell wall using several enzymes depending on the type of cell wall.
Cutting of DNA at a specific location: Restriction enzymes are used to cut a specific part of DNA known as recognition sequences to give desired DNA fragments.
Ligating DNA fragment: ligation of DNA to a new cloning vector DNA via ligase enzyme.
Insertion of r-DNA into host cell: this can be done by transformation, transduction, or vector-mediated gene transfer.
Selection and screening of transformed cells: this can be done by immunological methods, nucleic acid hybridization, etc.
