Which of the following functional group shows $+ R$ effect?

- C H O

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- N O_{2}

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- C N

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- N R_{2}

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Solution

The correct option is D $- N R_{2}$
$+ R$ effect is shown by the group which has a lone pair of electrons and can give away its electrons.
$\Rightarrow - C H O, - N O_{2}, - C N$ - all show $- R$ effect because they do not contain lone pairs and also withdraw electrons towards the group.
$\Rightarrow - N R_{2}$ has one lone pair, so it can give away its electrons and hence, it show $+ R$ effect.

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(- N H_{2}, - N R_{2}, - N H R)

- C O O H, - C N, - N H_{2} - C O C H_{3}, - N H C O C H_{3}, - O H, - C H O, - S O_{3} H, - C l, - N O_{2}

The group that exhibits +R effect when attached to benzene ring is

N O_{2}

S O_{3} H

C F_{3}

C H O

+ R

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