Which of the following groups will increase the acidity of phenol?

- N O_{2}

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- C N

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- X

(halogen)

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None of these

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Solution

The correct options are
A $- N O_{2}$
B $- C N$
C $- X$ (halogen)
$- N O_{2}$ , $- C N$ and $- X$ (halogen) groups will increase the acidity of phenol. These are electron withdrawing groups and stabilize the negative charge of phenoxide ion. Due to this, the removal of proton becomes easy.

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