Fireflies, also known as lightning bugs, glow to lure prey, discourage predators, and most importantly to attract mates. The characteristic green-yellow glow produced by a firefly is the result of a chemical reaction that takes place in the insect's abdomen. This chemical reaction involves three ingredients: luciferin (a heat-resistant substrate and serves as the source of the light), luciferase (an enzyme that triggers the light-producing chemical reaction), and oxygen (provides the fuel for the reaction to proceed).