Why does the potential difference vary across resistors in series connection?

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Solution

The circuit shows the principle of a voltage divider circuit where the output voltage drops across each resistor within the series chain, with resistors R1, R2, R3 and R4 being referenced to some common reference point (usually zero volts).
So for any number of resistors connected together in series, dividing the supply voltageVS by the total resistance, RT will give the current flowing through the series branch as: I = VS/RT, (Ohm’s Law). Then the individual voltage drops across each resistor can be simply calculated as: V = I*R where Rrepresents the resistance value.
The voltage at each point, P1, P2, P3 etc. increases according to the sum of the voltages at each point up to the supply voltage, Vs and we can also calculate the individual voltage drops at any point without firstly calculating the circuit current by using the following formula.

I hope this problem will help you to understand!!

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