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Question

Explain physical properties and oxidation states of d block elements?


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Solution

d- block elements

  • From the third group of the modern periodic table to the twelfth group, there are elements known as d block elements.
  • d-block elements are those that can be found in Groups 3 to 12 of the periodic table.
  • The common electron configuration is (n-1)d1-10ns1-2 .

Physical properties of d block elements

  • All transition elements, with the exception of mercury, which is a liquid, have a typical metallic structure and exhibit characteristics including conductivity, malleability and ductility, luster, high tensile strength, etc.
  • The atomic radii decrease in a series as the atomic number increases, but the decrease is negligible at the midway.
  • They have high enthalpies of hydration for their ions as well as high melting and boiling temperatures.
  • Their initial ionization energies are greater than s-block elements' and lower than p-block elements', respectively.
  • They are electropositive in nature.

Oxidation states of d block elements

  • Due to the high third ionization enthalpy value, +2 is the oxidation state of the d-block elements that is the most stable.
  • The elements that exhibit a high number of oxidation states are found in the center of the series or very close to it.
  • For example, Manganese Mn exhibits all oxidation states between +2 and +7.
  • Due to partially filled d-orbitals, transition elements exhibit oxidation states that differ by a factor of unity.

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