Oesophagus & Stomach

Q.

What function is served by the gastric sphincter and anal sphincter?

Q.

Where is bile produced? Which component of the food does it help to digest?

Q.

Urochrome, the pigment present in urine develops where and from what?

Q.

Which organ produces bile juice?

Q.

Oesophagus opens into

1. Fundus

2. Pyloric stomach

3. Cardiac stomach

4. None of these

Q.

What is pepsinogen?

Q.

Is enterokinase present in pancreatic juice?

Q.

Where does digestion of proteins take place?

1. Stomach only

2. Large intestine only

3. Mouth only

4. Stomach and small intestine only

Q.

Do humans have rennin?

Q.

Ram had a meal which consisted of soybean sprouts and its dry chunks with milk. He suffered from indigestion and it resulted due to abnormality in the functioning of the glands of his stomach according to his doctor. It could be because of ________ in his stomach.

1. less secretion of lipase

2. excess secretion of lipase

3. inadequate secretion of pepsin

4. excess secretion of HCl

Q. If pepsin is lacking in gastric juice, then which event in the stomach will be affected?
a. Digestion of starch into sugars.
b. Breaking of proteins into peptides.
c. Digestion of nucleic acids.
d. Breaking of fats into glycerol and fatty acids.

[Review question: Pg. No: 245]

Q. Which of the following enzymes show maximum activity in an acidic pH of 1.5-2.5?

1. Trypsin
2. Pepsin
3. Lipase
4. Amylase

Q. Which one of the following is the correct match of the site of action on the given substrate, the enzyme acting upon it and the end product?

1. Duodenum: Triglycerides, trypsin monoglycerides
2. Small intestine: Starch and amylase disaccharide (maltose)
3. Stomach : Fats, Lipase, Micelles
4. Small intestine: Proteins, pepsin, amino acids

Q. After chewing an apple, the crushed apple is swallowed and passed from the ______ to the ________.

1. mouth, oesophagus
2. oesophagus, small intestine
3. oesophagus, stomach
4. mouth, stomach

Q.

Match the following.
$\begin{array}{cc}\text{a) Pepsinogen is secreted by}& \text{I)Liver}\\ \text{b) Trypsin is secreted by}& \text{II) Pancreas}\\ \text{c) Bile is produced in}& \text{III) Gall bladder}\\ \text{d) Bile is stored in}& \text{IV) Gastric glands}\end{array}$

1. $a\to I,b\to III,c\to II,d\to IV$

2. $a\to IV,b\to II,c\to I,d\to III$

3. $a\to IV,b\to III,c\to II,d\to I$

4. $a\to III,b\to II,c\to IV,d\to I$

Q.

Trypsin is associated with the digestion of

1. proteins

2. fats

3. carbohydrates

4. vitamins

Q.

Define the term uropoiesis". Where does it take place? Name the processes involved in the formation of urine.

Q. What are the gastric glands? What is its function? How does it help with digestion?

Q. An indigestible carbohydrate, which is also a constituent of our diet, is

1. Cellulose
2. Maltose
3. Starch
4. Galactose

Q. Kevin consumed a lot of carbohydrates and proteins. If he suffers indigestion by the end of the day, guess the possible places where the process of digestion could have gone wrong?

1. Mouth, stomach, Gallbladder
2. Mouth, Stomach, Duodenum
3. Mouth, Stomach, Colon
4. Mouth, Stomach, Pancreas, Liver

Q. Match column I with column II and select the correct option from given codes.

	Column I		Column II
A.	Sphincter of ani internus	(i)	Opening of hepato-pancreatic duct into duodenum
B.	Cardiac sphincter	(ii)	Between duodenum and posterior stomach
C.	Sphincter of Oddi	(iii)	Guarding the terminal part of alimentary canal
D.	Ileocaecal sphincter	(iv)	Between oesophagus and anterior stomach
E.	Pyloric sphincter	(v)	Between small intestine and bowel

1. A-(iii), B-(ii), C-(iv), D-(i), E-(v)
2. A-(ii), B-(v), C-(i), D-(iv), E-(iii)
3. A-(iii), B-(iv), C-(i), D-(v), E-(ii)
4. A-(iv), B-(iii), C-(i), D-(ii), E-(v)

Q.

Expand the following terms.

(i) PCT (ii) GFR

Q.

Choose the odd word out from the sets given below

(i) Kidney, liver, skin, lungs, pancreas

(ii) Afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole, vasa recta, glomerulus

(iii) Urea, carbon dioxide, ammonia, uric acid

Q. Gastric juice contains ..........................

1. $H_{2}S{O}_4$
2. HCI
3. bile
4. ptyalin

Q. Match the following.
$\begin{array}{cc}a)Pepsinogenissecretedby& I)Liver\\ b)Trypsinissecretedby& II)Pancreas\\ c)Bileisproducedin& III)Gallbladder\\ d)Bileisstoredin& IV)Gastricglands\end{array}$

1. $a\to I,b\to III,c\to II,d\to IV$
2. $a\to IV,b\to III,c\to II,d\to I$
3. $a\to III,b\to II,c\to IV,d\to I$
4. $a\to IV,b\to II,c\to I,d\to III$

Q. Where does the digestion of carbohydrates take place inside the body?

1. Mouth and stomach
2. Stomach and small intestine
3. Mouth and small intestine
4. Stomach only

Q.

Give reason for the following

Neutralization plays an important role in the treatment of indigestion.

Q. Pylorus is present between ____.

1. small and large intestine
2. pancreas and small intestine
3. oesophagus and stomach
4. stomach and duodenum

Q. Optimum pH for action of pepsin and salivary amylase is

1. $1.8$ and $6.8$ respectively
2. $3.5$ and $7.7$ respectively
3. $6.8$ and $7.4$ respectively
4. $1.8$ and $7.4$ respectively

Q.

Which of the following part does the food not go through?

1. Oesophagus

2. Tongue

3. Epiglottis

4. Pharynx