Organization of Nervous System

Q.

What is the weight of human brain in Kg?

Q.

What is the difference between central nervous system and peripheral nervous system?

Q.

What is the function of pons in the brain?

Q.

What are the functions of the different parts of the brain?

Q.

Depolarization of axolemma during nerve conduction takes place because _____.

1. Equal amount of Na⁺ and K⁺ move across the axolemma

2. Na⁺ ions move inside

3. More Na⁺ ions outside

4. More K⁺ ions outside

Q.

The diffusion of potassium ions out of a neuron after depolarisation causes _____.

1. Repolarization

2. Action potential

3. Nerve impulse

4. Depolarization

Q. The nervous system is divided into nervous system consisting of the brain and the spinal cord and the nervous system consisting of neural network.

1. central
2. external
3. internal
4. peripheral

Q.

The term Central Nervous System refers to _____.

1. Brain and Spinal cord

2. Brain and Cranial nerves, Spinal cord and Spinal nerves

3. Spinal cord and Spinal nerves

4. Brain and Cranial nerves

Q.

An action potential is _____.

1. Outflux of negative ions to depolarize the membrane

2. Initiated by potassium ion movements

3. Outflux of positive ions to depolarize the membrane

4. Essential for nerve impulse propagation

Q.

Match the following stages of action potential to its corresponding state of ion movement

$\begin{array}{cc}\text{I. Depolarization stage}& \text{(p.)}{K}^{+}\text{ions move outside the cell}\\ \text{II. Repolarization stage}& \text{(q.)}N{a}^{+}\text{ions move inside the cell}\\ \text{III. Hyperpolarization stage}& \text{(r) No net ion movement}\\ \text{IV. Resting stage}& \text{(s)}{K}^{+}\text{ions move into the cell}\\ \text{V. Threshold potential}& \text{(t) Ligand gated sodium channels open}\\ \text{VI. Stimulus reaches the neuron}& \text{(u) Voltage gated sodium channels open}\end{array}$

1. I. - (q), II. - (p), III. - (s), IV. - (r), V. - (u), VI. - (t)

2. I. - (p), II. - (u), III. - (q), IV. - (r), V. - (s), VI. - (t)

3. I. - (p), II. - (s), III. - (r), IV. - (u), V. - (t), VI. - (q)

4. I. - (s), II. - (p), III. - (p), IV. - (t), V. - (u), VI. - (r)

Q. Threshold potential is a state of depolarisation at which _____.

1. Voltage gated Na+ channels open

2. Membrane potential is near -55mV

3. All of the above

4. An action potential is sure to fire

Q.

An action potential is sure to fire, once_________ channels are open.

1. Volatge gated Na+

2. Voltage gated K+

3. K+ leak channels

4. Ligand gated Na+

Q. Match the types of reflexes with the appropriate actions.

Q.

The ___________ recieves, processes, interprets and stores information coming from senses and sends out the messages destined for the effector. The __________ handles its input and output.

1. sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

2. peripheral nervous system and CNS

3. CNS and various body organs

4. CNS and peripheral nervous system

Q.

The nervous system which is entirely motor and operates without conscious control is autonomic nervous system.

1. Central nervous system

2. Autonomic nervous system

Q.

Leakage channels are regulated by _________.

1. Voltage

2. Nothing

3. Heat

4. Chemicals

Q.

The potential difference between outside and inside of a nerve before excitation is known as

1. spike potential

2. action potential
   

3. resting potential
   

4. reaction potential

Q.

Number of spinal nerves in human is

1. 31 pairs

2. 32 pairs

3. 33 pairs

4. 36 pairs

Q.

On a resting nerve, what is true?

1. 3 Na+ are pumped in and 2 K+ pumped out

2. There is no Na – K pump

3. Na – K pump stops working

4. 3 Na+ are pumped out for every 2 K+ pumped in

Q. Ions diffuse freely along their (i)___, from the region of (ii)___ concentration and (iii)___ charge to the region of (iv)___ concentration and (v)___charge.

1. (i) electrochemical gradient, (ii) high, (iii) opposite, (iv) low, (v) similar
2. (i) concentration gradient, (ii) high, (iii) opposite, (iv) low, (v) similar
3. (i) concentration gradient, (ii) high, (iii) similar, (iv) low, (v) opposite
4. (i) electrochemical gradient, (ii) high, (iii) similar, (iv) low, (v) opposite

Q.

In the resting state of the neural membrane, diffusion due to concentration gradients, if allowed would drive _____.

1. K⁺ into the cell

2. Na⁺ out of the cell.

3. Na⁺ into the cell

4. K⁺ and Na⁺ out of the cell

Q. A resting neuron is (i)_____ and has a membrane potential of (ii)______.

1. (i) Polarized (ii) -55mV

2. (i) Electrochemically neutral (ii) 0 mV

3. (i) Hyperpolarized (ii) -100mV

4. (i) Polarized (ii) -70mV

Q. Ions diffuse freely along their (i)___, from the region of (ii)___ concentration and (iii)___ charge to the region of (iv)___ concentration and (v)___charge.

1. (i) electrochemical gradient, (ii) high, (iii) opposite, (iv) low, (v) similar
2. (i) concentration gradient, (ii) high, (iii) opposite, (iv) low, (v) similar
3. (i) concentration gradient, (ii) high, (iii) similar, (iv) low, (v) opposite
4. (i) electrochemical gradient, (ii) high, (iii) similar, (iv) low, (v) opposite

Q.

The term Central Nervous System refers to:

1. Spinal cord and Spinal nerves

2. Brain and Cranial nerves

3. Brain and Spinal cord

4. Brain and Cranial nerves, Spinal cord and Spinal nerves

Q.

Give the technical/biological term for the following:

The part of the brain associated with memory.

Q.

When the parasympathetic nervous system is stimulated:

1. Heart beat decreases

2. Heart beat increases

3. Heart beat is not affected

4. Heart beat begins

Q.

Regarding the Assertion and Reason, choose the correct option:

Assertion [A] : Sympathetic and Parasympathetic systems have opposing functions.

Reason [R] : The sympathetic nervous system ‘prepares you’ for action, while the parasympathetic system ‘calms you’ down after action.

1. Assertion [A] is True and Reason [R] is True and is a correct explanation to [A].

2. Assertion [A] is True and Reason [R] is True but is incorrect explanation to [A].

3. Assertion [A] is True and Reason [R] is False.

4. Reason [R] is True and Assertion [A] is False.

Q.

Ions diffuse freely along their (i)_____, from the region of (ii)_____ concentration and (iii)_____ charge to the region of (iv)_____ concentration and (v)_____ charge.

1. (i) electrochemical gradient, (ii) high, (iii) opposite, (iv) low, (v) similar

2. (i) concentration gradient, (ii) high, (iii) similar, (iv) low, (v) opposite

3. (i) electrochemical gradient, (ii) high, (iii) similar, (iv) low, (v) opposite

4. (i) concentration gradient, (ii) high, (iii) opposite, (iv) low, (v) similar

Q. Match the following stages of action potential to its corresponding state of ion movement

I. Depolarization stage (p). (K⁺) ions move outside the cell
II. Repolarization stage (q). (Na⁺) ions move inside the cell
III. Hyperpolarization stage (r). No net ion movement
IV. Resting stage (s). (K⁺) ions move into the cell
V. Threshold potential (t). Ligand gated sodium channels open
VI. Stimulus reaches the neuron (u). Voltage gated sodium channels open

1. I. (p), II. (u), III. (q), IV. (r), V. (s), VI. (t)
2. I. (q), II. (p), III. (s), IV. (r), V. (u), VI. (t)
3. I. (s), II. (p), III. (p), IV. (t), V. (u), VI. (r)
4. I. (p), II. (s), III. (r), IV. (u), V. (t), VI. (q)

Q.

An action potential is sure to fire, once ___ channels are open.

1. Voltage gated K+

2. K+ leak channels

3. Voltage gated Na+

4. Ligand gated Na+