Classification of Nephrons

Q.

What is a glomerulus?

1. a mass of nephrons

2. a mass of capillaries

3. a set of tubules

4. a long, straight absorptive fiber

Q. Which of the following is correct with respect to the cortical nephron?

1. Henle’s loop extends deep into the medulla
2. Henle's loop extends very little into the medulla
3. Majority of them are cortical nephrons
4. Both b and c

Q. Most nephrons have a short Henle’s loop and extend very little into the medulla. These type of nephrons are called:

1. Cortical nephrons
2. Medullary nephrons
3. Juxtaglomerular nephrons
4. Juxtamedullary nephrons

Q. Bowman's capsule is located in

1. medulla
2. cortex
3. none of the above
4. henle’s loop

Q. Which of the following portion of a nephron connects the Bowman's capsule to the loop of Henle?

1. Distal convoluted tube
2. Proximal convoluted tube
3. Connecting tubule
4. Collecting tubule

Q. _________ extends from the cortex of the kidney to the inner parts of the medulla.

1. Distal convoluted tubule
2. Glomerulus
3. Proximal convoluted tubule
4. Collecting duct

Q.

ADH controls water permeability of

1. Distal convoluted tubules.

2. Proximal convoluted tubules.

3. Bowmans capsule

4. All of the above.

Q.

Reabsorption of chloride ion from glomerular filtrate in kidney tubule occurs by

1. Diffusion

2. Active transport

3. Brownian movements

4. None of these

Q.

Name the excretory unit of a kidney.

Q.

Which of the following receives blood from the efferent arteriole?

1. the renal vein

2. the glomerulus

3. the afferent arteriole

4. the peritubular capillary network

Q.

What process takes place in the Malpighian body?

Q.

Choose the odd one from each of the following:

Neurons, ureters, nephrons, kidneys.

Q. What is meant by osmoregulation? How is it maintained in human body?

Q.

Which one of following correctly explains the function of a specific part of a human nephron?

1. Podocytes : Create minute spaces (slit pores) for the filtration of blood into the Bowman's capsule

2. Afferent arteriole : Carries the blood away from the glomerulus towards renal vein

3. Henle's loop : Most reabsorption of the major substances from the glomerular filtrate

4. Distal convoluted tubule: Reabsorption of K+ ions into the surrounding blood capillaries

Q. Which of the following conditions will not contribute in increasing the urine output?
(a) Release of Atrial natriuretic peptide
(b) Reabsorption of sodium ions and water from the distal parts of the tubule in presence of aldosterone.
(c) Release of ADH that facilitate water reabsorption from latter parts of the tubule

Choose the correct option.

1. Only (a) and (b)
2. Only (b) and (c)
3. (a), (b) and (c)
4. Only (a) and (c)

Q.

Humans has two kidney . The process of purification of blood is carried by the kidneys . Who the process of purification changes if only one kidney is present. I mean the connection of the vessels.

Q.

_____________ plays an important role in maintaining the temperature of our body.

Q. Which of the following is correct with respect to the cortical nephron?

1. Henle’s loop extends deep into the medulla
2. Henle's loop extends very little into the medulla
3. Majority of them are cortical nephrons
4. Both b and c

Q. Draw a labelled structure of nephron.

Q. Given is a jumbled list of the parts of a certain body structure - Loop of Henle, Bowman's capsule, convoluted tubule, glomerulus, proximal convoluted tubule.
(i) Name the structure to which the listed parts belong.
(ii) Rearrange the parts in their proper sequence from the starting point to where they end.

Q. Which of the following is correct for thyrocalcitonin?

1. Produced by thyroid and decreases $C{a}^{2+}$ in ECF.
2. Produced by thyroid and increases $C{a}^{2+}$in ECF.
3. Produced by parathyroid and increases $C{a}^{2+}$ in ECF.
4. Produced by parathyroid and decreases $C{a}^{2+}$in ECF.

Q. The main function of loop of Henle is the reabsorption of water from the contents of renal tubules. In which of the following, the loop of Henle are poorly developed or even absent?

1. Desert mouse
2. Carnivorous bird
3. Freshwater fish
4. Garden bladder

Q. Select the correct match of column I with column II.
Column I Column II
A. Renin I. Facultative water reabsorption
B. Angiotensin II II. Vasoconstrictor
C. Aldosterone III. Released by JG cells
D. Vasopressin IV. Vasodilator
E. ANF V. Reabsorption of sodium and water

1. A – III; B – II; C – V; D – I; E – IV
2. A – V; B – IV; C – III; D – Il; E – I
3. A – III; B – I; C – II; D – IV; E – V
4. A – III; B – V; C – II; D – I; E – IV

Q. The functional and filtering units of kidney are nephrons.

1. True
2. False

Q. Micturition is

1. Removal of uric acid
2. Passing out urine
3. Removal of faeces
4. Removal of urea from blood

Q. Of the total nephrons, juxtamedullary nephrons constitute

1. 15%
2. 45%
3. 85%
4. 65%

Q. ________ is the basic functional unit of the kidney.

Q. The smallest functional unit of kidney is

1. Nephron
2. Collecting tube
3. Glomerulus
4. Bowman's capsule

Q. The___________system of the kidney consists of a series of tubules and ducts that connect the nephrons to the ureter

1. nephron
2. nephritis
3. neuron
4. loop of Henle

Q.

State the similiarities difference between PCT DCT