Why are 12 molecules of water used as substrate?

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Solution

The net reaction of photosynthesis is :

From this reaction, it is clear that to form one molecule of glucose, six molecules of carbon dioxide are required.
Products of light reaction required in dark reactions to form one molecule of glucose are 12 molecules of NADPH and 18 molecules of ATP.
For forming 2 molecules of NADPH from NADP+, 2 molecules of water are required so that the demand of 4 electrons and protons can be satisfied.
Two molecules of water split to form a molecule of oxygen and the respective number of electrons and hydrogen ions are also formed.
Now for producing 12 molecules of NADPH, a total of 12 molecules of water are required.

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6 C O_{2} + 12 H_{2} O L i g h t \to C_{6} H_{12} O_{6} + 6 H_{2} O + 6 O_{2}

6 C O_{2} + 12 H_{2} O L i g h t \to C_{6} H_{12} O_{6} + 6 H_{2} O + 6 O_{2}

C_{6} H_{12} O_{6}

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6 C O_{2} + 12 H_{2} O L i g h t - -- \to C_{6} H_{12} O_{6} + 6 H_{2} O + 6 O_{2}

C_{6} H_{12} O_{6}

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