Question

Do Mitochondria have a double membrane?

Answer 1

Mitochondria

1. It is also known as the power house of the cell. A double membrane system is present in the mitochondria.
2. They have an outer membrane, an inner membrane, and an intermembrane space between them.
3. The inner membrane of mitochondria consists of several folds called cristae.
4. It extends into the mitochondrial matrix. The inner mitochondrial membrane is the primary site of ATP generation during cellular respiration.
5. Double membranous, rod-shaped mitochondria are a component of both plant and animal cells.
6. Its diameter is between 0.5 to 1.0 micrometers.
7. The structure is made up of a matrix—a substance that resembles a gel—an inner membrane and an outer membrane. The protein and phospholipid layers form the inner and outer membranes, which are separated by intermembrane gaps.
8. The outer membrane contains several unique proteins called porins, which cover the surface of mitochondria.

Electron Transport Chain in Mitochondria:

1. Electron transport is defined as a series of redox reaction that is similar to the relay race. It is a part of aerobic respiration.
2. This chain can be seen in the inner layer or membrane of mitochondria.
3. ETS comprises of several energy carriers which include NADH dehydrogenase complex (Complex I), Ubiquinone (Complex Q), Succinate dehydrogenase complex (complex II), Cytochrome bc1 complex (Complex III), Cytochrome c, Cytochrome c oxidase (Complex IV)
4. The electrons are separated from the NADH and then passed to the oxygen with a series of enzymes releasing a small amount of energy.

Function:

1. Regulates the metabolic activities of a cell.
2. Stimulates cell proliferation and formation of new cells.
3. Aids in the ability of liver cells to detoxify ammonia.
4. Plays an important role in apoptosis, or programmed cell death.
5. Responsible for making various hormones including testosterone and estrogen as well as certain blood components and maintain adequate levels of calcium ions in cell compartments.
6. It is also involved in many biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, signaling, and senescence.