Question

$A$: Discuss the significance/ applications of dipole moment

$B$:

Represent diagrammatically the bond moments and the resultant dipole moment in $C{O}_2,N{F}_3\text{and}CHC{l}_3$

Answer 1

$A$:

Dipole moment plays a very important role in understanding the nature of chemical bonds.

A few applications are given below:.

$\left(a\right)$

Distinction between, polar and non-polar molecules:

The measurement of the dipole moment can help us to distinguish between polar and non-polar molecules. Non-polar molecules have zero dipole moment while polar molecules have some value of dipole moment.

$\left(b\right)$

Shape of molecules:

In the case of molecules containing more than two atoms, the dipole moment not only depends upon the individual dipole moments of the bonds but also on the arrangement of bonds.

Thus, the dipole moment is used to find the shapes of molecules.

$\left(c\right)$

Distinction between cis- and trans- isomers:

Dipole moment measurements help to distinguish between cis-isomer and trans- isomers because cis-isomer has usually higher dipole moment than trans isomer.

$\left(d\right)$

Distinction between ortho, meta and para isomers:

Dipole moment measurement helps to distinguish between o-, m- and p-isomers because the dipole moments of all three isomers are different.

$\left(e\right)$

Degree of polarity in a molecule:

Dipole moment measurement also gives an idea about the degree of polarity, especially in a diatomic molecule.

The greater the dipole moment, the greater the polarity in such a molecule.

$B$:

Bond moments and resultant dipole moments of $C{O}_2,N{F}_3\text{and}CHC{l}_3$ are shown below