Question

A functional mammary gland is characteristic of all

Answer 1

Female vertebrates
All female vertebrates show the similar characteristic of vertebrates such as presence of vertebral column, pharyngeal slits, post anal tail and ventral heart. Examples include birds, amphibians, primates etc.

Female mammals
Presence of paired mammary glands is a characteristic of all mammals. They are the modified sweat glands that contain glandular tissue and variable amounts of fat. Mammary glands are rudimentary in males while functional in females. It produces milk to provide nourishment to their young ones.

Female primates
Female primates belong to the order Primata, in the class, Mammalia. Examples include apes, gorillas, human beings etc. Thus, they all have functional mammary glands.

Female animals
Animals belong to different phylums in the Kingdom Animalia. Depending on the phylums, female animals show different characteristics. For example, female \(Ascaris~ lumbricoides\) of phylum Aschelminthes is different from the female \(Homo~ sapiens\) of phylum Chordata.