Characteristic of sound by which loud and soft sounds can be distinguished is
amplitude
Loudness is the characteristic of sound that helps us in determining between loud and soft sound. Loudness is determined by its amplitude and amplitude depends upon force with which object is made to vibrate. For example: If we strike a table lightly (amplitude of vibration is less) we hear soft sound but if we strike it hard (amplitude of vibration is much higher) so we hear a loud sound.