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Question
Discuss tho optical isomerism in Tartaric acid.
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Solution
(i) The phenomenon in which the compounds having the same molecular formula but possessing different spatial arrangement of atoms-differ in the direction of rotation of plane polarised light is known as optical isomerism.
(ii) The conditions for optical isomerism are: (a) presence of chiral atom, (b) non-super imposable object and mirror image configuration.
(iii) Tartartic acid (α,α -dihyaroxy succinic acid) contains two chiral carbon atoms. (i.e.,) the carbon atom is surrounded by by −H,−OH,−COOH and −CH(OH)COOH groups.
(iv) Three isomeric forms possible for tartaric acid. Among these, two forms have non- super imposable object and mirror image structure. They are enantiomers.
(v) In the d-isomer, each of the two asymmetric carbon atoms rotate dawdle plane polarised light towards right overall dextro rotation.
(vii) When equal amounts of d-tartatric acid and l-tartaric acid are mixed, the resulting mixture is known as raw is mixture which becomes optically inactive due to external compensation.
(viii) There is another optical isomer for tartartic acid in which one asymmetric carbon atom is dextro rotatory and the other is laevo rotatory, both rotating to the. same extent in opposite direction. The net result is, this isomer is optically inactive and is called meso isomer.
(ix) Meso isomer becomes optically inactive due to internal compensation. This molecule is said to have a symmetric plane and the molecule becomes achiral. Meso form cannot be separated into optically active components because this form is a single substance and not a mixture. Hence, meso form is said to be a diasteromer.
(x) The Fischer projection formula of tartaric acids are:
(ii) The conditions for optical isomerism are: (a) presence of chiral atom, (b) non-super imposable object and mirror image configuration.
(iii) Tartartic acid (α,α -dihyaroxy succinic acid) contains two chiral carbon atoms. (i.e.,) the carbon atom is surrounded by by −H,−OH,−COOH and −CH(OH)COOH groups.
(iv) Three isomeric forms possible for tartaric acid. Among these, two forms have non- super imposable object and mirror image structure. They are enantiomers.
(v) In the d-isomer, each of the two asymmetric carbon atoms rotate dawdle plane polarised light towards right overall dextro rotation.
(vii) When equal amounts of d-tartatric acid and l-tartaric acid are mixed, the resulting mixture is known as raw is mixture which becomes optically inactive due to external compensation.
(viii) There is another optical isomer for tartartic acid in which one asymmetric carbon atom is dextro rotatory and the other is laevo rotatory, both rotating to the. same extent in opposite direction. The net result is, this isomer is optically inactive and is called meso isomer.
(ix) Meso isomer becomes optically inactive due to internal compensation. This molecule is said to have a symmetric plane and the molecule becomes achiral. Meso form cannot be separated into optically active components because this form is a single substance and not a mixture. Hence, meso form is said to be a diasteromer.
(x) The Fischer projection formula of tartaric acids are:
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