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Question
Draw the circuit diagram of a full wave rectifier and explain its working. Also, give the input and output waveforms.
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Solution
Full wave rectifier
A full wave rectifier consists of two diodes connected in parallel across the ends of secondary winding of a centre tapped step down transformer. The load resistance RL is connected across secondary winding and the diodes between A and B as shown in the circuit.
During positive half cycle of input a.c., end A of the secondary winding becomes positive and end B negative. Thus, diode D1 becomes forward biased, whereas diode D2 reverse biased. So, diode D1 allows the current to flow through it, while diode D2 does not, and current in the circuit flows from D1 and through load RL from X to Y.
During negative half cycle of input a.c., end A of the secondary winding becomes negative and end B positive, thus diode D1 becomes reverse biased, whereas diode D2 forward biased. So, diode D1 does not allow the current to flow through it but diode D2 does, and current in the circuit flows from D2 and through load RL from X to Y.
Since, in both the half cycles of input a.c., electric current through load RL flows in the same direction, so d.c. is obtained across RL. Although the direction of electric current through RL remains same, but its magnitude changes with time, so it is called pulsating d.c.
A full wave rectifier consists of two diodes connected in parallel across the ends of secondary winding of a centre tapped step down transformer. The load resistance RL is connected across secondary winding and the diodes between A and B as shown in the circuit.
During positive half cycle of input a.c., end A of the secondary winding becomes positive and end B negative. Thus, diode D1 becomes forward biased, whereas diode D2 reverse biased. So, diode D1 allows the current to flow through it, while diode D2 does not, and current in the circuit flows from D1 and through load RL from X to Y.
During negative half cycle of input a.c., end A of the secondary winding becomes negative and end B positive, thus diode D1 becomes reverse biased, whereas diode D2 forward biased. So, diode D1 does not allow the current to flow through it but diode D2 does, and current in the circuit flows from D2 and through load RL from X to Y.
Since, in both the half cycles of input a.c., electric current through load RL flows in the same direction, so d.c. is obtained across RL. Although the direction of electric current through RL remains same, but its magnitude changes with time, so it is called pulsating d.c.
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