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Question

How can I learn the valencies of the first 20 elements?


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Solution

Valency:-

  • Valency is defined as the property of an element in which it has the combining capacity with another atom of an element.
  • It is related to electrons present in their outer orbital.
  • Valency can be determined by their respective groups in the periodic table.

Determination of valency of first 20 elements:-

  • The first 20 elements in a periodic table are Hydrogen (H-1), Helium (He-2), Lithium (Li-3), Berelium (Be-4), Boron (B-5), Carbon (C-6), Nitrogen (N-7), Oxygen (O-8), Fluorine (F-9), Neon (Ne-10), Sodium (Na-11), Magnesium (Mg-12), Aluminium (Al-13), Silicon (Si-14), Phosphorus (P-15), Sulphur (S-16), Chlorine (Cl-17), Argon (Ar-18), Potassium (K-19) and Calcium (Ca-20).
  • Here Helium, Neon, and Argon are noble gases which have stable octet configurations, their valency is Zero (0).
  • The first group of atoms in the periodic table are Hydrogen, Lithium, Sodium, and Potassium, their valency is one.
  • The second group of elements are Beryllium, Magnesium, and Calcium and their valency is 2.
  • Groups 3 - 12 are d-block elements in which the first 20 elements are not present.
  • The group 13 elements include Boron and Aluminum which has valency 3.
  • The group 14 elements have valency 4 which are Carbon, Silicon.
  • The group 15 elements are Nitrogen and Phosphorus which have a valency of 5.
  • Oxygen and Phosphorus are group 16 elements with valency 6.
  • Fluorine and Chlorine have valency 7 which belongs to group 17.

Therefore, the valency of the first 20 elements can be determined by the unit value of their respective group number.


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