Question

Name three groups of plants that bear archegonia. Briefy describe the life cycle of any one of them.

Answer 1

Archegonia are the flask-shaped female sex organs of bryophytes, lower vascular plants (such as ferns), and some gymnosperms.
It is a multicellular structure or organ that contains a single egg.

Life cycle of a fern (Dryopteris)

Dryopteris is a common fern with pinnately-compound leaves. The main plant-body is sporophytic. Many sporangia are borne on the lower surfaces of its mature leaves. Each sporangium has spore mother cells which undergo meiosis to produce haploid spores. On maturing, these spores dehisce and germinate to give rise to a heart-shaped gametophyte called prothallus.

The prothallus bears the male and female sex organs called antheridia and archegonia respectively. The antheridia produce sperms that swim in water to reach the archegonia. The egg is produced by the archegonia. As a result of fertilisation, a zygote is formed. The zygote forms an embryo, which in turn develops into a new sporophyte. The young plant comes out of the archegonium of the parent gametophyte.