Question

State the formation of sodium chloride compound by giving proper diagram.

Answer 1

• Sodium atom has 11 electrons and hence the electronic configuration: 2,8,1.
• It has one electron in excess of the stable electronic configuration of the nearest noble gas, neon.
• Therefore, sodium atom shows a tendency to give up the electron from the outermost shell and to acquire a stable electronic configuration (2,8).
• $\mathrm{Na}\to {\mathrm{Na}}^{+}+1{\mathrm{e}}^{-}$
• Sodium-ion has octet of electrons in its outermost shell.
• Chlorine has 17 electrons and hence the electronic configuration: 2,8,7.
• It has one electron less of the stable electronic configuration of the nearest noble gas, argon.
• Therefore, chlorine atom shows a tendency to acquire an electron to attain octet in its outermost shell (2,8,8).
• $\mathrm{Cl}+1{\mathrm{e}}^{-}\to {\mathrm{Cl}}^{-}$
• Chloride ion has an octet of electrons in its outermost shell.
• When a sodium atom combines with an atom of chlorine, one electron is transferred from the sodium atom to the chlorine atom, resulting in the formation of sodium chloride ($\mathrm{NaCl}$) molecule.